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Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Sodium Nitroprusside?

A

Direct action relaxing arterioles and venules via NO

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2
Q

What is the physiological effect of Losartan and what is it used to treat?

A

Lowers TPR, reduces plasma volume

heart failure, diabetic nephropathy

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3
Q

What is the drug Quinidine used to treat?

A

Atrial arrhythmias, PSVT, WPW

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4
Q

What is Atenolol used to treat?

A

Decrease myocardial O2 demand to lessen angina, heart failure

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5
Q

What are some side effects of Amiodarone?

A

Torsades de pointes, pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis

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6
Q

What is Diltiazem used to treat?

A

Arrhythmia, Prinzmetal’s angina

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7
Q

What are the important side effects associated with Quinidine?

A

Torsades de pointes, cinchonism, thrombocytopenia, anticholinergic effects

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Atenolol?

A

Beta-receptor antagonist

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action and physiological effect of Nifedipine?

A

Ca-channel blocker

Prevents smooth muscle contraction

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10
Q

What class of drug is Procainamide?

A

Anti-arrhythmic Class IA

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11
Q

What is Metoprolol used to treat?

A

Treatment and prophylaxis of PSVT; prevent recurrent MI in pt recovering from MI; decrease myocardial O2 demand to lessen angina, heart failure

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Hydrochlorothiozide?

A

Inhibits Na reabsorption in distal tubules

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13
Q

What class of drug is Lidocaine?

A

Anti-arrhythmic Class IB

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14
Q

What is Lidocaine used to treat?

A

Acute treatment of ventricular arrhythmia from MI; suppress ventricular tachycardia

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15
Q

What are some of the side effects of Lidocaine?

A

Neurotoxicity including seizures

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Metoprolol?

A

Beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist (beta-blocker)

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17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Digoxin?

A

Inhibits the Na/K-ATPase

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18
Q

What class of drug is Esmolol?

A

Anti-arrhythmic Class II

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19
Q

What type of drug is hydrochlorothiozide?

A

Antihypertensive - diuretic

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20
Q

What type of drug is Nifedipine?

A

Antihypertensive vasodilator

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21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Procainamide?

A

Na channel blocker; also block K channels. Decreases phase 0 depolarization.

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22
Q

Diltiazem is what type of drug?

A

Antihypertensive vasodilator

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23
Q

What is the physiological effect of hydrochlorothiozide and what is it used to treat?

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A

Lowers plasma and ECF volume thus decreasing workload on heart and TPR
First therapy for managing HTN, heart failure

24
Q

What type of drug is Fenoldopam?

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A

Antihypertensive - Misc

25
What is the physiological effect of Esmolol?
Reduces heart rate, myocardial contraction force; prolongs AV node conduction and refractory period (slows HR and lessens contractility)
26
What is the physiological effect of Lidocaine?
Purkinje fibers: depresses automaticity; higher affinity for ischemic tissue: suppresses spontaneous depolarization in ventricles by blocking reentry
27
What is the physiological effect of Fenoldopam and what is it used to treat?
Decreases TPR with increased renal blood flow | Acute treatment of severe HTN
28
What is the physiological effect of Sodium Nitroprusside and what is it used to treat?
Peripheral vasodilation—lowers preload and afterload | Hypertensive emergency, acute MI, aortic dissection, heart failure
29
What class of drug is Amiodarone?
Anti-arrhythmic Class III
30
What is the mechanism of action of Amiodarone?
Blocks Na, K, and Ca channels; blocks beta-1 receptors
31
What is the physiological effect of Atenolol?
decreases blood pressure, renin release, and sympathetic outflow from brain
32
What are the side effects associated with Esmolol?
AV block and cardiac arrest
33
What is Procainamide used to treat?
Refractory ventricular fibrillation; pulseless ventricular tachycardia
34
What is Digoxin used to treat?
Atrial fibrillation (first-line with heart failure or sedation); SVT
35
What is the mechanism of action of Diltiazem?
Calcium channel blocker
36
What is the physiological effect of Digoxin?
Increased intracellular Na followed by greater Ca influx; greater contraction
37
What is the physiological effect of Metoprolol?
Reduces heart rate, myocardial contraction force; prolongs AV node conduction and refractory period (slows HR and lessens contractility)
38
What is the mechanism of action of Lidocaine?
Na channel blocker: inhibits influx of Na thru fast Na channels
39
What type of drug is Losartan?
Antihypertensive - Angiotensin Receptor Blocker
40
What class of drug is Quinidine?
Antiarrhythmic Class IA
41
What is Amiodarone used to treat?
Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias
42
What is Esmolol used to treat?
Short-term control of: sinus tachycardia, PSVT, ventricular rate in pt with atrial fibrillation/ flutter
43
What class of drug is Metoprolol?
Anti-arrhythmic Class II
44
What class of drug is Digoxin?
Antiarrhythmic Class Misc
45
What is the mechanism of action of Esmolol?
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist (beta-blocker)
46
What is the mechanism of Quinidine?
Na channel blocker; also block K channels. Decreases phase 0 depolarization.
47
What type of drug is Atenolol?
Antihypertensive Sympatholitic
48
What type of drug is Sodium Nitroprusside
Antihypertensive Vasodilator
49
What are some of the side effects of Metoprolol?
Fewer CNS effects than nonselective beta blockers, hypotension, bradycardia
50
What are the side effects of Digoxin?
Nausea, vomiting, mental status change, vision color and EKG changes
51
What are the side effects associated with Procainamide?
SLE symptoms
52
What is the physiological effect of Procainamide?
Decreases myocardial CV, excitability and contractility; prolongs duration of AP
53
What are the physiological effects of Amiodarone?
Properties of all 4 classes of Antiarrhythmic drugs
54
What is the mechanism of action of Fenoldopam?
Selective D-1 inhibitor agonist
55
What does nitroglycerine do?
Activates GC which increases cGMP levels and relaxes the vessel. Used in angina and decreases resistance in arteries.
56
What is the physiological effect of Quinidine?
Decreases myocardial CV, excitability and contractility; prolongs duration of AP
57
What is the physiological effect of Diltiazem?
Prevent vascular SM contraction

Cardiology (46 decks)

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