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Ortho Dx > Lumbar - Lecture > Flashcards

Lumbar - Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

It is important to inspect for what type of skin markings when dealing with the lumbar spine?

A

Lipomatas
Hairy Patches
Café-Au-Lait spots
Birth Marks

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2
Q

What is the name of the genetic autosomal dominant trait disorder that produces pigmented spots, and pedunculated soft tissue nodules clustered along nerve sheaths?

A

Neurofibromatosis

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3
Q

Name some bone changes that may result in skeletal deformities that are associated with Neurofibromatosis

A

Vertebral body scalloping
Fibrous Dysplasia
Tibial Pseudoarthrosis
Sphenoid bone deformity

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4
Q

What is a gibbous deformity?

A

A sharp kyphosis in the lower thoracic, affecting the normal lordosis of the lumbar spine

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5
Q

T or F

The top of the iliac crest is around the level of L3-L4

A

False

L4/L5

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6
Q

If there is a pars interarticularis defect in the lumbar spine we typically refer to it as what?

A

Spondyloslisthesis Spondylolysis

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7
Q

T or F

A spondylolisthesis is ONLY a unilateral defect in the pars

A

False

Can be bilateral as well

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8
Q

What measurement technique is used to grade a Spondy?

A

Meyerding’s Scale

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9
Q

The articulations between two consecutive lumbar vertebrae form how many joints?

A

3
1 between the 2 bodies and the IVD
The other 2 are formed by the articulation of the Superior articular process of one vertebra and the inferior of the vertebra above.

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10
Q

The umbilicus lies at what lumbar disc levels

A

L3-L4

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11
Q

What is the primary function of the zjoint in the lumbar spine

A

To protect the motion segment from anterior shear forces, excessive rotation, and flexion

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12
Q

T or F

The ALL becomes thicker as it ascends

A

False

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13
Q

What ligament connects two consecutive laminae?

A

Ligamentum Flavum

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14
Q

T or F

Interspinous ligaments connect the tips of two adjacent spinous process.

A

False

Supraspinous ligaments
- the question was describing the interspinous ligament

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15
Q

What ligament functions to restrain flexion, extension, and axial rotation as well as side bending of L5 on S1

A

Iliolumbar Ligament

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16
Q

T or F

The Quadratus Lumborum is an important muscle for the lumbar segmental stability through its ability to provide segmental stiffness and control motion

A

False

This is the function of the Lumbar Multifidus

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17
Q

Describe the importance of the Thoracolumbar fascia.

A

Assists in the transmission of extension forces during lifting activities and stabilizes the spine against anterior shear and flexion moments.

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18
Q

What muscle takes origin from the anterior portion of T12-L5 vbodies & discs? What is its main function?

A

Psoas

The main hip flexor

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19
Q

T or F

in the lumbar spine a disc pathology affects the nerve root below

A

True

20
Q

T or F

A disc is named after the vertebrae below

A

False

Above

21
Q

T or F

Prolapse aka Protrusion

A

False

aka Bulge

22
Q

Describe a disc protrusion

A

A little piece of the nucleus pulposus protrudes into the annular fibres

23
Q

T or F

With a bulging disc the nucleus pops out of the annular fibres but there has not yet been torn fibres

A

True

24
Q

What is an aka for Extrusion of a disc?

A

Herniation

25
Q

Describe an extruded disc

A

Annular fibres are torn and the nucleus bursts into the PLL and the PLL is torn. Patient often describes a shredding noise.

26
Q

When multiple pieces of the nucleus are in the spinal canal this is called?

A

Sequestered Disc

27
Q

L4 reflex = ?

A

Patellar Reflex

28
Q

Foot dorsiflexion and inversion is testing what muscle and what nerve root?

A

L4

Tibialis Anterior - deep peroneal nerve

29
Q

T or F

L4 dermatome is the lateral leg, behind the lateral malleoli and along the 2-4th toes

A

False

Medial leg, behind the medial malleoli and along the medial side of the food and great toe.

30
Q

T or F

L5 muscle testing is evaluating primarily foot, big toe, and toes 2,3,4 plantar flexion

A

False

Dorsiflexion

31
Q

What nerve root is evaluation Hip and Pelvis abduction

A

L5

32
Q

Hip and pelvis abduction muscle testing tests what muscles?

A

Gluteus medius and minimus - superior gluteal nerve

33
Q

Foot plantar flexion muscle test is stressing what muscles?

A

Gastrocnemius and Soleus innervated by Tibial Nerve

34
Q

T or F

Foot plantar flexion and eversion is testing the peroneus longs and braves innervated by the deep peroneal nerve

A

False

Superficial peroneal nerve

35
Q

What is the reflex for S1

A

Achilles

36
Q

What nerves innervate the outer half of the IVD

A

Sinuvertebral nerve and the grey rami communicans

37
Q

What part of the IVD receives only sympathetic innervation

A

The lateral aspect

38
Q

The Z joints are innervated by what nerve?

A

The medial branches of the dorsal rami

39
Q

Motion in the lumbar spine can occur in what cardinal planes

A

Sagittal - flexion and extension
Coronal - Side bending
Transverse - rotation

40
Q

T or F

Most of the flexion and extension of the lumbar spine occurs in the upper segmental levels

A

FALSE bitches

Lower segmental levels

41
Q

Where does most of the side bending occur?

A

Mid-lumbar region

42
Q

Where does most of the rotation occur?

A

It is coupled with side bending however most of the rotation occurs at the lumbosacral junction

43
Q

Does flexion or extension of the lumbar spine cause a minimal reversal of the lordosis

A

Flexion

44
Q

What motion of the lumbar spine is associated with an anterior roll and an anterior glide of the vertebral body

A

Flexion

45
Q

Axial rotation of the lumbar spine amounts to approx how many degrees?

A

13 to both sides

46
Q

Where does the greatest amount of segmental rotation occur and how much is it?

A

L5-S1

5 degrees

47
Q

Name some of the Acute Phase Goals mentioned in the powerpoint

A

Decrease pn, inflammation and muscle spasm
Promote healing of tissues
Increase pn free ROM
Regain soft tissue extensibility
Regian neuromuscular control
Allow progression to the functional stage

Ortho Dx (17 decks)

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