3.4.5 Species and taxonomy Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the definition of a species?
a group of organisms which can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
What are the 6 roles of courtship behaviour?
-species identification
-recognising sexually mature individuals
-recognising opposite biological sex
-recognising fertile individuals
-arousal (ability to release gametes)
-forming pair bonds
What is classification?
the organisation of living organisms into groups
How are organisms named and identified?
Binomial System
What is the first name of the Binomial System called?
generic name
What does the generic name of an organism denote?
genus the organism belongs
What is the second name of the Binomial System called?
specific name
What does the specific name of an organism denote?
species in which the organism belongs
Top 3 rules of Binomial System
-names are printed in italics/ if handwritten they are underlined
-first letter of generic name is in capitals but specific name is in lower case
-if specific name is unknown, can be written as ‘sp’
What is artificial classification?
divides organisms according to analogous characteristics (same function but not the same evolutionary origins)
What is phylogenetic classification?
arranging species into groups (known as taxa), based on their evolutionary origins and relationships
There is no overlap between ‘…..’ in phylogenetic classification?
groups/ taxa
What is the purpose of courtship behaviour?
to ensure successful mating
What is the classification taxa?
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Phylogenetic tree: if a species if far to the right, what does that mean?
it is a younger species
Phylogenetic tree: if one of the species is not in line with the other, what does that mean?
species is extinct (does not reach same time on axis as other species)
Phylogenetic tree: the closer the branches, the…
closer the evolutionary relationship (more of a recent common ancestor)
What is Taxonomy?
the study of taxon (groups within a phylogenetic biological classification)
What describes the evolutionary relationship between organisms?
phylogeny
What does it mean if 2 organisms have shared a recent common ancestor?
- have similar genetic, anatomical, physiological traits (due to inherited features from ancestor)
- share homologous structures (structures serving different functions)
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