MSK Session 5- The vertebral column Flashcards

0
Q

What is the vertebral column made of?

A

33 small bones joined together by ligaments

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1
Q

What proportion of height does the vertebral column account for?

A

42%

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2
Q

What is the vertebral column the main component of?

A

The axial skeleton

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3
Q

How long is the vertebral column?

A

70-75 cm

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4
Q

What bones does the vertebral column articulate with? (4)

A

Head,
Scapula,
Ribs,
Hip bones

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5
Q

What is primary curvature?

A

The anterior concave nature of the spinal cord found in the foetus

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6
Q

What is Kyphosis?

A

Exaggeration of the anterior curvature of the thoracic spine. (Leaning forwards)

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7
Q

When does the cervical spine develop the first posterior concavity?

A

3 months old when baby starts to lift head.

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8
Q

When does the lumbar spine develop a posterior concavity?

A

6-12 months when child begins to stand and walk

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9
Q

What is lordosis?

A

An exaggeration of the posterior cervical and/or lumbar spine. (Leaning backwards)

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10
Q

What happens to the vertebral column in old age?

A

Reverts back to the C shape of the foetus as secondary curvatures disappear.

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11
Q

How many discrete and fused vertebrae are there?

A
  • discrete= 24

- fused= 9

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12
Q

What do discrete vertebrae allow?

A

Flexibility

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13
Q

What emerges from the vertebral arches?

A

2 transverse processes and 1 spinous process

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14
Q

What is the pedicle?

A

The part of the vertebral arch between the body and transverse process.

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15
Q

What is the lamina?

A

The part of the vertebral arch between the transverse and spinous process.

16
Q

Where are articular facets found?

A

At the junction between the pedicle and lamina

17
Q

What joints form between adjacent vertebral arches, and what are their function?

A

Synovial joints

Prevent anterior displacements of vertebrae.

18
Q

What is an intervertebral foramen formed from and what does it allow?

A

Formed from the superior and inferior vertebral notches above and below the pedicle.
Allows segmental nerves to pass from the cord to the periphery.

19
Q

What are intervertebral discs responsible for?

A

Flexibility and act as a shock absorber

20
Q

What length of the vertebral column do intervertebral discs account for?

A

19 cm.

25%

21
Q

What are the two regions of the intervertebral disc called?

A

Central- nucleus palposus

Peripheral- annulus fibrosus

22
Q

What are the two major ligaments of the vertebral column?

A

Anterior longitudinal and posterior longitudinal

23
Q

Which longitudinal ligament is stronger?

A

Anterior

24
Q

Why is the ligamentum flavour yellow?

A

High content of elastic fibres

25
Q

What does the ligamentum flavum join?

A

Laminae of adjacent vertebrae

26
Q

What does the supraspinatous ligament do?

A

Joins spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae

27
Q

What do interspinous ligaments do?

A

Join spinous processes along their adjacent borders

28
Q

What does the ligament nuchae do? (3)

A

Maintain the secondary curvature of cervical spine
Helps the cervical spine support the head.
Major site of attachment of neck and trunk muscles

29
Q

What are the two distinguishing features of cervical vertebrae?

A

They have a bifid spinous process

They have oval transverse foramen

30
Q

What are the two distinguishing features of thoracic vertebrae?

A

Facets on the sides of the body

Coastal facets on the transverse processes

31
Q

What are the two distinguishing features of lumbar vertebrae?

A

Lack of transverse foramina

Lack of coastal facets

32
Q

What is the order of size of vertebra? (Big to small)

A

Lumbar
Thoracic
Cervical

33
Q

What is the atlas?

A

C1

34
Q

What is the axis?

A

C2

35
Q

What is unusual about the atlas? (2)

A

No body

No spinous process

36
Q

What is the function of the Dens on the axis?

A

Prevents horizontal displacement of the atlas.

37
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

Lateral bending of the spine