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Sports Medicine > The Knee > Flashcards

The Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Thigh bone. Convex

A

Femur

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2
Q

Weight bearing bone in lower leg. Medial Side. Concave

A

Tibia

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3
Q

Small bone in lower leg (lateral side)

A

Fibula

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4
Q

Knee Cap

A

Patella

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5
Q

What tendon is the knee cap located in?

A

Rectus Femoris

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6
Q

Largest sesamoid bone in the body

A

Patella

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7
Q

Provide cushion from stresses placed on the knee joint. Maintain spacing between the femur and the tibia

A

Menisci

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8
Q

What shape is the medial meniscus?

A

C-shaped

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9
Q

What shape is the lateral meniscus?

A

Oval shaped

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10
Q

What type of blood supply is supplied to the menisci?

A

Generally poor

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11
Q

Gives blood supply to the menisci?

A

Medial Genicular Artery

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12
Q

Good Blood Supply

A

Red-Red

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13
Q

Minimal Blood Supply

A

Red-White

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14
Q

Avascular

A

White-White

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15
Q

Prevents the femur from moving posteriorly during weight bearing.

A

ACL

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16
Q

What are the three bands of the ACL called

A

anteromedial, intermediate, and posterolateral

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17
Q

Limits anterior translation of the tibia in NWB

A

ACL

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18
Q

Stabilizes the tibia against excessive stress internal rotation

A

ACL

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19
Q

Works with hamstring group to stabilize the knee joint

A

ACL

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20
Q

Resists internal rotation

A

PCL

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21
Q

Prevents hyperextension of the knee

A

PCL

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22
Q

Limits anterior translation of the femur during weight bearing

A

PCL

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23
Q

Limits posterior translation of the tibia in NWB

A

PCL

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24
Q

Prevents the knee from valgus forces and external rotating forces

A

MCL

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25
Q

Lateral force

A

Valgus force

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26
Q

Medial force

A

Varus force

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27
Q

Principal stabilizer of the knee in a valgus position when combined with rotation.

A

MCL

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28
Q

Stabilizes the knee laterally

A

LCL

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29
Q

Synovial tissue separated by a thin film of fluid

A

Bursae

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30
Q

Reduces friction between anatomical structures

A

Bursae

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31
Q

Largest Fat Pad?

A

Infrapatellar

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32
Q

Function is to provide a cushion to the front of the knee and separate the patellar tendon from the joint capsule

A

Fat Pads

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33
Q

Nerve providing blood supply to the hamstrings and gastroc

A

Tibial Nerve

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34
Q

Nerve providing blood supply to the short head of the biceps femoris

A

Peroneal Nerve

35
Q

Nerve providing blood supply to the quadriceps and sartorius muscle

A

Femoral nerve

36
Q

Knee flexion, internal rotation, and longest muscle in the body

A

Sartorius

37
Q

Stems from the femoral artery

A

Popliteal Artery

38
Q

Knee extension

A

Quadriceps Femoris

39
Q

Knee Flexion and external rotation

A

Biceps Femoris

40
Q

What makes up the hamstrings?

A

Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, and Semimembranosus

41
Q

Where are the hamstrings located?

A

Posterior side of upper leg

42
Q

Knee flexion and internal rotation

A

Semitendinosus and semimembranosus

43
Q

Knee flexion

A

Gastrocnemius

44
Q

Called “bowleggedness” Caused by a medial force

A

Genu Varus

45
Q

Called “knock-knee” Caused by a lateral force

A

Genu Valgum

46
Q

Is genu valgum more common in women or men? Why?

A

Women due to the angle of the pelvis

47
Q

Knees bend backwards. Excessive extension occurs in the tibiofemoral joint

A

Genu Recurvatum

48
Q

High riding patella

A

Patella Alta

49
Q

Low riding patella

A

Patella Baja

50
Q

Patella high riding and lateral

A

Frog-eyed patella

51
Q

Patella positioned medially

A

Squinting patella

52
Q

Result of a medially directed valgus force from the lateral side or from external rotation of the tibia

A

MCL tear

53
Q

Special tests for MCL tear?

A

Valgus Stress Test, anterior drawer test

54
Q

Result of a laterally directed various force from the medial side or from internal rotation of the tibia

A

LCL tear

55
Q

ST for LCL tear?

A

Varus Stress test

56
Q

Direct lateral or valgus blow with the knee flexed and tibia externally rotated, lower leg rotated with the foot planted, or flexion decelerated injury

A

ACL tear

57
Q

ST for ACL tear?

A

Anterior Drawer test, Lachman test

58
Q

A full weight bearing fall on a hyper flexed knee

A

PCL tear

59
Q

ST for PCL tear?

A

Posterior Drawer test

60
Q

a weight bearing combined with a rotational force while extending of flexing the knee. Medial more common than lateral

A

Meniscal Tear

61
Q

ST Meniscal Tear?

A

McMurray’s, Apley’s Compression test, bounce home test, and grind test

62
Q

Can be acute, chronic, or recurrent as a result of kneeling, direct impact or overuse/irritation of the patellar tendon

A

Bursitis

63
Q

ST for Bursitis?

A

Ballotable Patella, sweep test

64
Q

Possible development of Baker’s Cyst with this injury?

A

Bursitis

65
Q

Overuse common in runners/ cyclists, knee malalignment, running on uneven surfaces

A

Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome (Runner’s Knee)

66
Q

ST for IT band syndrome?

A

Ober’s test, Renne Test, Noble test

67
Q

Direct: Falling on the patella, taking an impact on the patella.
Indirect: Running/ jumping from forceful pull on the patellar tendon

A

Patellar Fracture

68
Q

ST for Patellar fracture?

A

Tuning Fork

69
Q

Direct blow to the kneecap knocking the patella out of place or awkward twisting motions of the knee

A

Patellar Dislocation/ Subluxation

70
Q

ST for patellar Dislocation?

A

A-angle, Apprehension test

71
Q

Unknown, but related to overuse or abnormal tracking of the patella in the femoral groove

A

Chondromalacia Patella

72
Q

ST for Chondromalacia Patella?

A

Patellar Grind test (Clarke’s Sign)

73
Q

Caused by running, kicking, or running

A

Patellar Tendonitis (Jumper’s and Kicker’s Knee)

74
Q

ST for Patellar Tendonitis

A

Strength test, ROM test

75
Q

Common in immature athletes. Repeated pull of the patellar tendon at the tibial tubercle.

A

Osgood-Schlatter’s Disease

76
Q

ST for Osgood- Schlatter’s Disease?

A

X-Ray

77
Q

Severe blow or repeated blows to the thigh

A

Myositis Ossificans

78
Q

ST for Myositis Ossificans?

A

Pain upon palpation

79
Q

Increased pressure within one of four compartments of the lower leg. Causes compression of the structures in the leg

A

Compartment Syndrome

80
Q

ST for Compartment Syndrome?

A

Pressure check test

81
Q

Sudden stretching or sudden contraction

A

Quadricep Strain

82
Q

ST for Quadricep Strain?

A

Pain with ROM test, strength test

83
Q

Not entirely known. Speculated, a quick change of the knee stabilization to extension of the hip.

A

Hamstring Strain

84
Q

ST for hamstring strain?

A

Strength test

Sports Medicine (11 decks)

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