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Sports Medicine > The Spine > Flashcards

The Spine Flashcards

1
Q

How many True/Movable vertebrae?

A

24

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2
Q

How many False/Immovable vertebrae?

A

9

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3
Q

True/Movable vertebrae

A

Cervical-Lumbar

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4
Q

False/Immovable vertebrae

A

Sacrum-Coccyx

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5
Q

Movements of the True vertebrae

A

Flexion, Extension, Lateral Flexion, and Rotation

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6
Q

Holds the head

A

Atlas

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7
Q

How many Cervical vertebrae?

A

7

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8
Q

Allows for Flexion and Extension

A

Atlas

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9
Q

Allows for rotational movements

A

Axis

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10
Q

Contains a Dens

A

Axis

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11
Q

Flattened, oblique facing. Horizontal spinous process

A

Axis

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12
Q

How many Thoracic vertebrae?

A

12

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13
Q

Articulate with the ribs

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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14
Q

Prominent (long) spinous process and long transverse processes.

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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15
Q

Large thick spinous processes

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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16
Q

Provides major support of the lower back

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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17
Q

How many Lumbar vertebrae?

A

5

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18
Q

Part of the pelvis.

A

Sacrum

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19
Q

Holes in the sacrum allow for __________ to pass through

A

Cauda equina

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20
Q

How many Sacral vertebrae?

A

5 (fused)

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21
Q

The bundle of nerves that innervates the lower extremities

A

Cauda Equina

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22
Q

Known as the “tailbone”

A

Coccyx

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23
Q

Attachments for gluteus maximus

A

Coccyx

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24
Q

How many Coccyx vertebrae?

A

3-5

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25
Q

Semifluid filled section

A

Nucleus Pulposus

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26
Q

Outside ring

A

Annulus Fibrosus

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27
Q

Between cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae

A

Fibrocartilages

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28
Q

Allows for lateral bending

A

Illiocostalis

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29
Q

Location of the Illiocostalis

A

Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis

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30
Q

Location of the Longissimus

A

Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis

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31
Q

Rotates the head

A

Longissimus

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32
Q

Location of the Spinalis

A

Thoracis, Cervicis

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33
Q

Spine rotation

A

Multifidus

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34
Q

Role of the: Illiocostalis, Longissimus, Spinals, and Multifidus

A

Extends the vertebral column

35
Q

Extend and rotate head

A

Splenius

36
Q

Location of the Splenius

A

Capitis, Cervicis

37
Q

Articulations allow for______________

A

Forward gliding, Lateral gliding, Compression, and Distraction

38
Q

How many total pairs of spinal nerves?

A

31

39
Q

Cutaneous sensory distribution

A

Dermatomes

40
Q

Muscle motor distribution

A

Myotomes

41
Q

Network of nerves or vessels

A

Plexuses

42
Q

How do plexuses run?

A

Root, Trunk, Divisions, Chords, Branch

43
Q

Head, neck, and shoulders

A

Cervical

44
Q

Chest, shoulders, arms, and hands

A

Brachial

45
Q

Back, abdomen, groin, thighs, knees, and calves

A

Lumbar

46
Q

Pelvis, buttocks, genitals, thighs, calves, and feet

A

Sacral

47
Q

Small region over the coccyx

A

Coccygeal

48
Q

Roundback. Associated with a forward head

A

Kyphosis

49
Q

Overcompensation to keep eyes level

A

Forward Head

50
Q

Decreased lumbar curvature

A

Flatback Posture

51
Q

Anterior shifting of the pelvis into hip extension.

A

Swayback Posture

52
Q

Decreased lordosis and increased kyphosis

A

Swayback Posture

53
Q

Increased curvature of the lumbar spine

A

Lordosis

54
Q

Can be the result of obesity, osteoporosis, or spondyloisthesis

A

Lordosis

55
Q

Lateral curvature of the spine

A

Scoliosis

56
Q

Functional Scoliosis

A

Goes away without gravity. Muscular imbalances, leg-length discrepancies, nutritional deficiency

57
Q

Structural Scoliosis

A

Always present. Bony defect of the spine

58
Q

MOI for Cervical Fracture

A

Axial loading (a blow to the top of the head while in flexion)

59
Q

S/S for Cervical Fracture

A

Neck point tenderness, resisted ROM, muscle spasm, cervical pain and pain in the chest and upper extremities, numbness in trunk/limbs, weakness/paralysis, loss of bladder/bowel control

60
Q

Treatment for Cervical Fracture

A

Unconscious athlete always treated as if they have a cervical fx. Use neck collar, restricted ROM

61
Q

MOI for Cervical Dislocation

A

Violent flexion and rotation of the head (common in divers)

62
Q

S/S for Cervical Dislocation

A

Head typically tilts toward dislocated side. Similar to cervical fx.

63
Q

Treatment for Cervical Dislocation

A

Realign (conservative/surgical) treat the same as cervical fracture

64
Q

MOI for Cervical Sprain (Whiplash)

A

Sudden snap of the head

65
Q

S/S for Cervical Sprain

A

Localized pain, point tenderness, restricted motion

66
Q

Treatment for Cervical Sprain

A

Rule out fracture, dislocation, or disk injury, neurological evaluation, immobilization, RICE, NSAIDs, traction

67
Q

MOI for Acute Torticollis (Wryneck)

A

Impinged or trapped synovial membrane in the cervical vertebra; holding the head in an unusual position or getting a chill from a cold draft of air.

68
Q

S/S for Acute Torticollis

A

Point tenderness, muscle spasm, restricted motion

69
Q

Treatment for Acute Torticollis

A

Joint mobilizations, traction, immobilization

70
Q

MOI for Brachial Plexus Neuropraxia (Burner)

A

Stretching or compressing the brachial plexus

71
Q

S/S for Brachial Plexus Neuropraxia

A

Radiating pain and numbness, tingling, burning sensation, loss of function in arm and hand

72
Q

Treatment for Brachial Plexus Neuropraxia

A

Rest until symptoms have resolved, strengthening and stretching programs.

73
Q

MOI for Herniated Disc

A

Flexion and twisting while lifting or moving an object

74
Q

S/S for Herniated Disc

A

Sharp central pain that radiates unilaterally with dermatome down the back of the leg or across the back, lower limb weakness, worse in the morning, limited motion, point tenderness, pain with coughing, sneezing.

75
Q

Treatment for Herniated Disc

A

RICE, E-Stim, Postural correction exercises, abdominal strengthening

76
Q

Degeneration of the vertebrae, pars defect

A

Spondyloysis

77
Q

MOI for Spondylosis

A

Hyperextension of the spine; typically unilaterally

78
Q

S/S for Spondylosis

A

Mild to moderate aching pain, low back stiffness, increased pain after activity, tiredness and fatigue in low back, limited forward flexion, possible point tenderness, possible hyper mobility of injured vertebra

79
Q

Treatment for Spondyloysis

A

Bracing, trunk stabilization, dynamic core exercises, avoid vigorous activity

80
Q

Inflammatory condition of the sciatic nerve

A

Sciatica

81
Q

MOI for Sciatica

A

Torsion or direct blow

82
Q

S/S for Sciatica

A

Sudden or gradual onset, sharp shooting pain down posteriomedial thigh, tingling/numbness along nerve pathj

83
Q

Treatment for Sciatica

A

Rest, Rule out disc protrusion, lumbar traction, NSAIDs, surgery if needed.

Sports Medicine (11 decks)

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