Chapter 33 Vocab

Question 1

1. Yalta Conference

Answer 1

“they agreed to divide Germany into zones of occupation controlled by the Allied military forces. Germany also would have to pay the Soviet Union to compensate for its loss of life and property. Stalin agreed to join the war against Japan. He also promised that Eastern Europeans would have free elections. ”

Question 2

2. United Nations

Answer 2

“ an international peacekeeping organization founded in 1945 to provide security to the nations of the world. ”

Question 3

3. Iron Curtain

Answer 3

“during the Cold War, the boundary separating the Communist nations of Eastern Europe from the mostly democratic nations of Western Europe. ”

Question 4

4. Containment

Answer 4

“a U.S. foreign policy adopted by President Harry Truman in the late 1940s, in which the United States tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weak countries to resist Soviet advances. ”

Question 5

5. Truman Doctrine

Answer 5

“announced by President Harry Truman in 1947, a U.S. policy of giving economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents.”

Question 6

6. Marshall Plan

Answer 6

“a U.S. program of economic aid to European countries to help them rebuild after World War II.”

Question 7

7. Cold War

Answer 7

“the state of diplomatic hostility between the United States and the Soviet Union in the decades following World War II. ”

Question 8

8. NATO

Answer 8

“the North Atlantic Treaty Organization—a defensive military alliance formed in 1949 by ten Western European nations, the United States, and Canada.”

Question 9

9. Warsaw Pact

Answer 9

“a military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and seven Eastern European countries. ”

Question 10

10. Berlin Airlift – pages 968 and 969

Answer 10

“The Soviet Union cut off highway, water, and rail traffic into Berlin’s western zones. The city faced starvation. Stalin gambled that the Allies would surrender West Berlin or give up their idea of reunifying Germany. But American and British officials flew food and supplies into West Berlin for nearly 11 months. In May 1949, the Soviet Union admitted defeat and lifted the blockade.”

Question 11

11. Brinkmanship

Answer 11

“a policy of threatening to go to war in response to any enemy aggression. ”

Question 12

12. Mao Zedong

Answer 12

“an assistant librarian at Beijing University, was among its founders. Later he would become China’s greatest revolutionary leader.
Mao Zedong had already begun to develop his own brand of communism.”

Question 13

13. Jiang Jieshi – (AKA Chiang Kai-shek)

Answer 13

“formerly called Chiang Kai-shek, headed the Kuomintang. (    ) was the son of a middle-class merchant. Many of his followers were bankers and businesspeople. Like (     ), they feared the Communists’ goal of creating a socialist economy modeled after the Soviet Union’s.
	(    ) had promised democracy and political rights to all Chinese. Yet his government became steadily less democratic and more corrupt. Most peasants believed that Jiang was doing little to improve their lives. As a result, many peasants threw their support to the Chinese Communist Party. ”

Question 14

14. communes

Answer 14

“in Communist China, a collective farm on which a great number of people work and live together.”

Question 15

15. Red Guards

Answer 15

“militia units formed by young Chinese people in 1966 in response to Mao Zedong’s call for a social and cultural revolution. ”

Question 16

16. Cultural Revolution

Answer 16

“a 1966–1976 uprising in China led by the Red Guards, with the goal of establishing a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal.”

Question 17

17. 38th Parallel

Answer 17

“a line that crosses Korea at 38 degrees north latitude, Japanese troops surrendered to Soviet forces. South of this line, the Japanese surrendered to American troops. ”

Question 18

18. Douglas MacArthur

Answer 18

“ the commander of the Allied land forces in the Pacific, ”

Question 19

19. Ho Chi Minh

Answer 19

“A young Vietnamese nationalist, ( ), turned to the Communists for help in hisstruggle. During the 1930s, Ho’s Indochinese Communist party led revolts and strikes against theFrench. ”

Question 20

20. Domino Theory

Answer 20

“ the idea that if a nation falls under Communist control, nearby nations will also fall under Communist control. ”

Question 21

21. Vietcong

Answer 21

“a group of Communist guerrillas who, with the help of North Vietnam, fought against the South Vietnamese government in the Vietnam War.”

Question 22

22. Khmer Rouge

Answer 22

“a group of Communist rebels who seized power in Cambodia in 1975.”

Question 23

23. Third World

Answer 23

“during the Cold War, the developing nations not allied with either the United States or the Soviet Union.”

Question 24

24. nonaligned nations

Answer 24

“the independent countries that remained neutral in the Cold War competition between the United States and the Soviet Union.”

Question 25

25. Fidel Castro

Answer 25

“Cuba was ruled by an unpopular dictator, Fulgencio Batista, who had U.S. support. Cuban resentment led to a popular revolution, which overthrew Batista in January 1959. A young lawyer named ( ) led that revolution. At first, many people praised Castro for bringing social reforms to Cuba and improving the economy. Yet Castro was a harsh dictator. He suspended elections, jailed or executed his opponents, and tightly controlled the press.

Question 26

26. Nikita Khrushchev

Answer 26

after stalin died “became the dominant Soviet leader. In 1956, the shrewd, tough Khrushchev denounced Stalin for jailing and killing loyal Soviet citizens. His speech signaled the start of a policy called destalinization, or purging the country of Stalin’s memory. Workers destroyed monuments of the former dictator. Khrushchev called for “peaceful competition” with capitalist states. ”

Question 27

27. Détente

Answer 27

“a policy of reducing Cold War tensions that was adopted by the United States during the presidency of Richard Nixon.”