Bacteriology 1.3

Question 1

plasmids types

Answer 1

F-plasmids- contain tra genes.

col plasmids- code for bacteriotoxins to kill other bacteria.

virulence plasmids- encode virulence factors, can convert normal bac to pathogen

R plasmids- contain genes that provide resistance to antibiotics

Question 2

Transposons

Answer 2

DNA elements that move from one place in same bac DNA to another.

can carry virulence and antibiotic resistant genes.

Question 3

e coli

Answer 3

really good at horizontal gene transfer

HGT

Question 4

Facilitators of bacterial infection and survival within host

Answer 4

attachment
evasion of innate and adaptive responses
acquisition of limited nutrients
dissemination within a host and transmission to new hosts
ability to outcompete commensals at many stages

Question 5

Bacterial adhesion systems

Answer 5

Pili-dependent- rod like projection with adhesion

Pili-independent- bac surface structure that interacts with host receptors

Question 6

pedestals

Answer 6

EPEC and EHEC

LEE islands

secretion machinery..? codes for TYPE III secretion systems

Question 7

T3SS

Answer 7

Type III secretion system
Molecular syringes, look like flagella. can secrete effectors.
really sophisticated.

Question 8

how do bacteria deal with host defense?

Answer 8

primarily reside in extracellular milieu pocess virulence factors that prevent uptake by phags, or destroy them

possess factors to promote survival intracellular

some are in between, not in not out. NOT black/white

Question 9

phagocytocys

Answer 9

phagosome> lysosome> ROS and NO kill the bug

Question 10

CGD

Answer 10

NADPH oxidase genetic defect

chronic granulomatous diseases

Question 11

survival of Extracellular pathogens

Answer 11

• capsules that prevent phagocytosis, and complement deposition
• can vary antigenic surface

*can secrete molecules that interfere with host defense
Toxins and enzymes that destroys chemokines, sIgA

Question 12

intracellular pathogen survival

Answer 12

• resistant to ROOs and NO
• neutralize phagosome contents- secretion system
• escape from phagosome
• prevent phagolysosome fusion

Question 13

Nutritional immunity

Answer 13

restricting access to nutrients so that bugs don’t grow.

constant battle for resources.

***fight over Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, AAs, Carbs, O2.

Question 14

three bacterial stages of invasion

Answer 14

dormant,

look up

Question 15

Iron

Answer 15

under high demand by host and bug

Question 16

transferrin

Answer 16

strong affinity to iron but its outcompeted by enterobactin. since it binds it more strongly.

extracellular

Question 17

Salmonella

Answer 17

S. typhi:

S. typhinurium:

Question 18

S. Typhi

Answer 18

enteric fever, red rash

Question 19

S. Thyphinurium

Answer 19

Gastroenteritis, ab pain, vomiting diarrhea

Question 20

Dissemination of Salmonella

Answer 20

translate across m-cells.

or can force internalization through T3SS

can survive in macrophages

Question 21

How does salmonella compete with commensals

Answer 21

produces *salmochelin instead of enterobactin which circumvents lipocalin.

host shoots itself in foot.

can use thiolsulfate as terminal e- acceptor. uses host NADPH oxidases