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1st Aid Memorize > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Cholecystokinin source

A

I cells (duodenum, jejunum)

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2
Q

Gastrin source

A

G cells (antrum of stomach)

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3
Q

Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic peptide source

A

K cells (duodenum, jejunum)

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4
Q

Motilin source

A

Small intestine

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5
Q

Secretin source

A

S cells (duodenum)

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6
Q

Somatostatin source

A

D cells (pancreatic islets, GI mucosa)

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7
Q

VIP source

A

Parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder and small intestine

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8
Q

Intrinsic factor source

A

Parietal cells (stomach)

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9
Q

Gastric acid source

A

Parietal cells (stomach)

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10
Q

Pepsin source

A

Chief cells (stomach)

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11
Q

HCO3- source

A 
Mucosal cells (stomach, duodenum, salivary glands, pancreas)
Brunner glands (duodenum)
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12
Q

Cholecystokinin action

A
  • Increase pancreatic secretion
  • Increase gallbladder contraction
  • Delay gastric emptying
  • Increase sphincter of Oddi relaxation
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13
Q

Gastrin action

A
  • Increase gastric H+ secretion
  • Increase growth of gastric mucosa
  • Increase gastric motility
  • Stimulate ECL cells to release Histamine (which also stimulates parietal cells to release H+)
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14
Q

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide action

A

Exocrine: decrease H+ secretion
Endocrine: increase insulin release

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15
Q

Motilin action

A

Produces migrating motor complexes (MMCs)

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16
Q

Secretin action

A
  • Increase pancreatic HCO3- secretion
  • Decrease gastric acid secretion
  • Increase bile secretion
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17
Q

Somatostatin action

A
  • Decrease gastric acid and pepsin secretion
  • Decrease fluid secretion from pancreas and small intestine
  • Decrease gall bladder contraction
  • Decrease insulin and glucagon release
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18
Q

Nitric oxide action (in GI)

A

-Increase SM relaxation (including LED)

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19
Q

VIP action

A
  • Increase intestinal water and electrolyte secretion

- Increase relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters

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20
Q

Intrinsic factor action

A

Binds Vitamin B12 so that it can be taken up in the terminal ileum

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21
Q

Gastric acid action

A

Decrease stomach pH

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22
Q

Pepsin action

A

Protein digestion

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23
Q

HCO3- action

A

neutralize action

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24
Q

What is increased with fatty acids and amino acids ONLY?

A

Cholecystokinin

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25
Q

What is increased with fatty acids, amino acids, and oral glucose?

A

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide

26
Q

What is increased with stomach distention/alkalinization, amino acids (phenylalanine and tryptophan), peptides, and vagal stimulation but decreased by stomach pH <1.5?

A

Gastrin

27
Q

What is increased in fasting state?

A

motilin

28
Q

Name a motilin receptor agonist used to stimulate intestinal peristalsis?

A

Erythromcin

29
Q

What is increased by acid and fatty acids in lumen of duodenum?

A

Secretin

30
Q

What is increased by acid but decreased by vagal stimulation?

A

somatostatin

31
Q

What is increased by distention and vagal stimulation and decreased by vagal input?

A

VIP

32
Q

What are the symptoms of a VIPoma?

A
  • Watery diarrhea
  • Hypokalemia
  • Achlorhydria
33
Q

What is increased by histamine, Ach, and gastrin but decreased by somatostatin, GIP, prostaglandin and secretin?

A

gastric acid

34
Q

What is increased by vagal stimulation and local acid?

A

pepsin

35
Q

What is increased by pancreatic and biliary secretion with secretin?

A

HCO3-

36
Q

What are two pathological things that can lead to increased gastrin?

A
  • Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

- Chronic PPI use

37
Q

What is glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide known as?

A

GIP

38
Q

Why is GIP significant for oral v. IV glucose?

A

Oral glucose load used more rapidly than IV due to GIP

39
Q

Why is secretin important?

A

Increases HCO3- to allow pancreatic enzymes to function in duodenum

40
Q

What is one of the underlying causes of achlasia?

A

Loss of NO secretion leading to increased LES tone

41
Q

Why does atropine not block G cells?

A

vagal stimulation of G cells is through GRP not Ach (like with parietal cells)

42
Q

Where is gastrin released?

A

into circulation (NOT into stomach)

43
Q

What does falciform ligament connect?

A

Liver to anterior abdominal wall

44
Q

What is contained in falciform ligament?

A

Ligamentum teres hepatis (fetal umbilical vein)

45
Q

What does the hepatoduodenal ligament connect?

A

liver to duodenum

46
Q

What does the hepatoduodenal ligament contain?

A

Portal triad (proper hepatic artery, portal vein, common bile duct)

47
Q

What does the gastroheptic ligament connect?

A

liver to lesser curvature of stomach

48
Q

What does the gastroheptic ligament contain?

A

gastric arteries

49
Q

What separates greater and lesser omental sacs on the left?

A

gastrosplenic ligament

50
Q

What separates greater and lesser sacs on the right?

A

gastrohepatic ligament

51
Q

What does the gastrocolic ligament connect?

A

greater curvature and transverse colon

52
Q

What does the gastrocolic ligament contain?

A

gastroepiploic arteries

53
Q

What does the gastrosplenic ligament connect?

A

greater curvature and spleen

54
Q

What does the gastrosplenic ligament contain?

A

Short gastrics

Left gastroepiploic vessels

55
Q

What does the splenorenal ligament connect?

A

Spleen to posterior abdominal wall

56
Q

What does the splenorenal ligament contain?

A

Splenic artery and vein; tail of pancreas

57
Q

Part of GI with plicae circulares and crypts of Lieberkuhn

A

jejunum

58
Q

Part of GI with crypts of Lieberkuhn, no villi and numerous goblet cells

A

colon

59
Q

Part of GI with nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

esophagus

60
Q

Part of GI with villi and microvilli, Brunner glands, and crypts of Lieberkuhn

A

Duodenum

61
Q

Part of GI with tons of goblet cells, Peyer patches, plicae circulares (proximally) and crypts of Lieberkuhn

A

Ileum

1st Aid Memorize (21 decks)

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