HF and hypertrophy

Question 1

The response of the heart to acute hemodynamic and adrenergic stimuli?

Answer 1

1. Altered P/V relationships
2. Altered inotropy
3. Altered chronotropy

Question 2

The adult heart is able to alter its_____ in response to chronic stresses

Answer 2

size and shape

Question 3

physiological hypertrophy is caused by

Answer 3

chronic exercise or pregnancy

Question 4

physiological hypertrophy will result in

Answer 4

1. myocyte length increasedin more than width
2. no fibrosis
3. no cardiac dysfunction

Question 5

pathological hypertrophy is caused by

Answer 5

chronic hypertension or

aortic calve stenosis

Question 6

pathological hypertrophy will result in

Answer 6

1. myocyte wider than it is long
2. fibrosis
3. can have cardiac dysfunction

Question 7

Cardiac dilation is caused by

Answer 7

1. myocardial infarction
2. DCM
3. pathological hypertrophy can also lead to this

Question 8

Cardiac dilation is can lead to

Answer 8

1. myocyte length increasing much more than width
2. excessive fibrosis
3. myocyte death
4. advanced cardiac dysfunction

Question 9

Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms

Answer 9

1. α and β MHC isoforms are found in the heart:
2. The heterodimers (αα, αβ and ββ) have distinct ATPase activity (and functional properties)
3. The ratio of these isoforms varies across species and throughout development

Question 10

α and β MHC are encoded by

Answer 10

different genes and their expression is transcriptionally regulated

Question 11

pathological hypertrophy results in ____ in ATPase and ___ in ___ MHC

Answer 11

decrease in ATPase

increase in BB MHC

Question 12

physiological hypertrophy results in ____ in ATPase and ___ in ___ MHC

Answer 12

increase in ATPase

increase in aa MHC

Question 13

Cardiac adaption is a

Answer 13

dynamic process that involves not only architectural but also structural modifications

Question 14

In response to stress, both the

Answer 14

quantity and the quality of the contractile elements is altered

Question 15

The heart has

Answer 15

phenotypic and genotypic plasticity

Question 16

Programmatic alterations in gene and protein expression occur in response to

Answer 16

pathologic or physiologic triggers

Question 17

The phenotypic adaptions may involve both

Answer 17

transcriptional and post-translational modifications

Question 18

The functional adaptations are generally

Answer 18

adaptive but over time can result in ventricular dysfunction

Question 19

LVH : Cellular mechanisms

Answer 19

1. Likely increase in Ca current via L-type Ca channel
2. Reduced SR pump fxn
   (↑ PLB/SERCA2 ratio)
3. Impaired myofilament relaxation
4. Altered (increased) cytosolic calcium and new steady-state

Question 20

_____ is Sufficient to Correct Mechanical Defects in Cardiocytes From Patients with Heart Failure

Answer 20

SERCA2 Gene Transfer

Question 21

Concept of positive feed-back mechanisms that ____

Answer 21

amplify disease severity