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Chemistry Flashcards

0
Q

Some chemical properties are

A
  • Ability to burn
  • flash point
  • behaviour in air
  • reaction with water
  • reaction to heating
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1
Q

Chemical property

A

That describes the ability of a substance to change into a new substances or substances. Any property that describes how a substance reacts (or its behaviour) with another substance when forming a new substance is called a chemical property

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2
Q

Ability to burn

A

Combustion (flame, heat, light)

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3
Q

Flash point

A

Lowest temp at which a flammable liquid will ignite in air

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4
Q

Behaviour in air

A

Tendency to degrade, react, or tarnish

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5
Q

Reaction with water

A

Tendency to corrode or dissolve

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6
Q

Reaction to heating

A

Tendency to melt or decompose

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7
Q

Clues that a chemical change has happened

A
  • a new colour
  • heat or light is given off
  • bubbles of gas are formed
  • A solid material bracket called a participate) forms in a liquid
  • The change is difficult to reverse
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8
Q

Matter

A
  • put sub and mixtures
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9
Q

Mixtures

A

Homo

Hetro

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10
Q

Homogenous

A

Solution

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11
Q

Heterogenous

A

Mechanical mixture

Suspension

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12
Q

A atomic theory

A

=is the Study of the nature of Atoms and how Atoms combine to form all types of matter

  • each element is unique of atom
  • atom of differents elements vary in mass, volume and reactivity
  • atoms can be divide into subatomic particles
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13
Q

Parts of a typical atoms

A

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

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14
Q

Protons

A

Have a positive electric charge

Found in the new nucleus

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15
Q

Neutrons

A

Are neurtral, have no charge

Found in the Nucleus

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16
Q

Electrons

A

Have negative electric charge very light

Found in the shells area

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17
Q

Ionic Bonding

A

is the electrostatic force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions. The positive ion is called cation, and the negative ion is the anion. It is like the north and south poles of a magnet.
(Transfer)

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18
Q

Ion symbol

A

The elemnty symbol and charge or ion

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19
Q

Ion names

A

Simple
Multivalen
Poly atomic

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20
Q

Molecular elements and compounds

A

When 2 non- metals bond (held together by a covalent bonds) are combine

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21
Q

Covalent Bond

A

When 2 non-metal Bond with each other, both form strong attraction for the others election but neither Atoms attracts the other electron strongly enough to pull them away completely therefore, they share each other’s electrons resulting in a bond that holds Atoms together

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22
Q

Numerical prefix 1

A

Mono-

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23
Q

Numerical prefix 2

A

Di-

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24
Q

Numerical prefix 3

A

Tri-

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25
Q

Numerical prefix 4

A

Tetra-

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26
Q

Numerical prefix 5

A

Penta-

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27
Q

Numerical prefix 6

A

Hexa-

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28
Q

Numerical prefix 7

A

Hepta-

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29
Q

Numerical prefix 8

A

Octa-

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30
Q

Numerical prefix 9

A

Nona-

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31
Q

Numerical prefix 10

A

Deca-

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32
Q

When naming molecular

A

And use to the end

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33
Q

Binary molecular compounds

A 
H2O water 
H2O2 hydrogen peroxide 
NH3 ammonia 
CH4 Methane 
C6H12O6 glucose
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34
Q

Synthesis reactions

A

Involve combining smaller atoms/ molecules into larger molecules

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35
Q

Decomposition reactions

A

Involve spitting larger molecules into elements or smaller molecules

36
Q

Combustion

A

Chemical reaction where a compoud or element rapidly combined with oxygen gas

37
Q

Single displacement

A

Involve an element and a compound reactants. then one element displaces or replaces another element fun I’ll compound

38
Q

Double displacement

A

Involve elements in different compounds displacing or exchanging places

39
Q

Neutralization

A

Chemical reaction that involves an acid and a base we you will be looking at ease asses and bases in the next

40
Q

The law of conservation of mass

A

In a chemical reaction, the mass of the product always equal the mass of the reactants

41
Q

Reactants

A

Starting material

Located to the the left of the arrow in chemical equations

42
Q

Products

A

New substances
Have different properties than reactants
Located to the right of the arrow in chemical equations

43
Q

Chemical reaction pattern

A

Reactants, arrow (yields or produce) and products

44
Q

Precipitate

A

Is to separate a substance in a solid forms from a solution

45
Q

Catalyst

A

Is something that speed up reaction instead of being used as a reactants

46
Q

Difference between homo and Hetro

A

The difference between the both is that homogenous is a mixture that looks The same throughout the sub and a separate components are not visible and heterogeneous are different parts of the mixture of that visible

47
Q

Homogeneous

A

A mixture that looks the same throughout and seperate components are not visible

48
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Different parts of the mixture are visible

49
Q

Suspension

A

A cloudy mixture is formed in which tiny particles of one substance are held within another substance

50
Q

Mechanical mixture

A

May contain several solid combined together

51
Q

Physical property

A

Is a property that describes the physical appearance and composition of a substance

52
Q

Element

A

Is a substance that cannot be broken down into any simpler substance by chemical means

53
Q

Compound

A

Is a pure substance that is made from two or more elements that are combined together chemically

54
Q

Homo means

A

Same

55
Q

Hetero

A

Different

56
Q

Tiny central core

A

Nucleus

57
Q

A series of cloud-like energy levels

A

Shells

58
Q

Horizontal rows of the periodic table

A

Periods

59
Q

Vertical columns

A

Families or group

60
Q

Atoms

A

Is the smallest part of an element, that has all the elements properties

61
Q

Bohr diagram

A

Is an illustration of an atom that shows the arrangement number of electrons in each she’ll

62
Q

Bohr diagram, in all atoms

A
  • each has its own unique number of protons
  • number of protons equals number of electrons
  • electron surround the nucleus in shells
63
Q

Property of metal

A

Shiny, malleable and ductile, good conductors or heat and electricity, mostly yes, mostly solids, mercer is liquid

64
Q

Non metals

A

Dull, brittle, mostly insulator, no, and in different state

65
Q

Staircase

A

Metalloids, seperated from metals and non-metals

66
Q

Alkali metals

A

First column to the left
Phyp: soft, silver, grey
Chemp: react with water and with oxygen in the air
N.b: h is not a alkali metal

67
Q

Alkaline earth metal

A

Second column to the left
Phyp: hard, silver, grey
Chemp: less reactive that group 1 metals
N.b.: combines easily with other atoms

68
Q

Halogen

A

Second last column to the right
Phyp: coloured, non-metal
N.b.: extremely reactive

69
Q

Noble gases

A

Last column on thee right
Phyp: colourless, odourless and gasses
N.b. Extremely unreactive

70
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in an atoms of an element

71
Q

Atomic mass

A

Of an element is a measure of the average mass of an atom of that element

72
Q

Ion

A

Is an atom or group of atoms with a negative charge or a positive charge

73
Q

Multivalent element

A

Is an element that can form an ion in more than one way.

74
Q

Poly atomic ions

A

Is a group of atoms, usually of the different elements, that act as a single ion.

Ex. Suphate SO4 3-

75
Q

Ionic compounds properties

A

Form crystal
Hard, brittle, solids
Have very high melting point
When dissolved in water, ions become free to move and solution conduct electricity

76
Q

Metal+ nonmetal elements ->

A

Ionic compounds

77
Q

Metal loses e- + negative ion ->

A

Electrically neutral compound

78
Q

Positive ion + negative ion ->

A

Stable compound

79
Q

Covalent bond

A

Is a connection

80
Q

Diatomic molecule

A

Is a molecule that is made from two identical atoms joined

(HOFBrINCl

81
Q

Properties of Molecular Compounds

A
  • often soft
  • if dissolve in water, they form solution that do not conduct electricity
  • can combine in different ways to form different molecular compounds with different properties
  • tends to have relatively low melting points
82
Q

Reactants

A

Starting material

83
Q

Products

A

New substances

84
Q

Chemical reaction

A

Is a process by which chemical change happens ( accompanied by energy)

85
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

86
Q

Nitric acid

A

HNO3

87
Q

Sulfurinc acid

A

H2SO4

88
Q

Phosphoric acid

A

H3PO4

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