Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is a monosaccharide
A single sugar unit
Difference between alpha and beta glucose
They are structural isomers Alpha- H at the top of C1
What determines the structure of the molecule and its function
Detailed position of atoms
Disaccharide
Complex carbohydrate formed in a condensation reaction with twomonosaccharide joined by a glycosidic bond
What is maltose
Two alpha glucoses joined together
Two pentose sugars
Ribose and Deoxyribose
Three Hexose sugards
Glactose, Glucose and fructose
What is a polysaccharide
Complex carbohydrate
Many linked glycosidic bonds in different ways
Monosaccharide, glycosidic bond and shape of amylopectin
Alpha 1-4, 1-6 glycosidic bond
coiled slightly branched
Monosaccharide, glycosidic bond and shape of cellulose
Beta 1-4 glycosidic bond
straight chain
Monosaccharide, glycosidic bond and shape of glycogen
Alpha 1-4, 1-6, glycosidic bond
Branched slightly coiled
Monosaccharide, glycosidic bond and shape of amylose
Alpha 1-4 glycosidic
coiled to form a helical shape
Hydrogen bonding in amylosse, amylopectin, glycogen, cellulose
Amylose- between sugar units in the same chain
Cellulose- between sugar units in different chains
Glycogen- some H bonds in the chain
Function of amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, cellulose
Amylose- helix makes a compact shape- store lots of starch
Amylopectin- stores starch
cellulose- high tensile strength from crosslinks, used to make cell walls
glycogen- energy store in animals, glycogen phosperase breaks down into glucose stimulated by insulin
