Lipids (biological molecules)

Question 1

What 3 elements make up a lipid

Answer 1

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 2

Difference betweenn element ratios between carbs and lipids

Answer 2

Lipids have a higher proprortion of hydrgoen

Question 3

Properties of lipids

Answer 3

They are insoluble

Question 4

What 2 groups are a triglyceride made from

Answer 4

Fatty acids and glycerol (alcohol)

Question 5

Why are triglycerides insoluble in water

Answer 5

No atoms carry a charge so none are attracted to water- they are hydrophobic

Question 6

Where in the body does ester bonds be broken and which enzymes catlyse this reaaction

Answer 6

Small intestine

Lipase hydrolyses fats into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 7

What is and what are the properties of saturated fats

Answer 7

It has a single bond`
High Bp
Solid at room temperature
No more H bonds can be added to it

Question 8

What is an unsaturated fat

Answer 8

It has double bonds
it’s a liquid at room temperature
Double bond causes a kink- molecules are further a part- low BP
More H2 can be added

Question 9

Properties of triglyceride

Answer 9

1. Two types (sat. fats) and (unsaturated oils)
2. Non polar, hydrophobic, insoluble
3. Energy store- animals as fats, plants as oils
4. metabollic store- desert animals
   - 5.Insulator- adipose tissue, bad conductor of heat
5. shock absorber protects delicate organs (kidneys)
6. less dense than water- floats
7. stores fat soluble vitamins

Question 10

What is a phosphlipids describes as and why

Answer 10

amphipathic, is hydrophobic and hydrophyllic

Question 11

why are triglycerides no polymers

Answer 11

They have a definite start and end point, and polymers don’t