Proteins (biological molecules0

Question 1

What is a protein made from

Answer 1

A sequence of amino acids linked together in a long chain

Question 2

name of amino acids animals make from their diet

Answer 2

Essential amino acids

Question 3

How do plants make amino acids

Answer 3

Mineral ions and carbs from photosynthesis

Question 4

What is an amino acid made from

Answer 4

Amino group (NH2)
carboxyl group (cooh) 
Alpha carbon
Hydrogen 
R group

Question 5

Name to describe acidic and basic properties

Answer 5

Amphoteric

Question 6

What happens to an amino acids put into a PH less than 7

Answer 6

Acidic solution contains lots of hydrogen ions, so…
NH2 finds it easy to gain a H ion
COOH hard to loose one

Question 7

What happens to an amino acid in a solution of PH7

Answer 7

Both groups ionise
NH2 gains an ion
COOH loses an ion

Question 8

TRends for PH less and and more than 7, with regards to hydrogen

Answer 8

PH < 7 easy to combine with hydrogen

PH> 7 easy to release hydrogen

Question 9

WHat is the primary structure

Answer 9

linear sequence of amino acids in a polypetide chain, held by pepetide bonds, determined by DNA

Question 10

Secondary structure of protein

Answer 10

Repeated folds and twists of the peptide chain to form alpha helixes and beta pleated sheets
held by hydrogen bonds

Question 11

Tertiery structure

Answer 11

Irregular folds of the alpha helixes and beta pleated sheets- form
SPECIFIC COMPACT GLOBULAR SHAPE
held by: ionic, hydrogen bonds, disulfide or hydrophobic interactions

Question 12

Describe each bonds in tertiery structure and what breaks them down

Answer 12

Ionic, formed between a completely + R group and completely - R group, changes in PH break down

Disulfide- cytosine, STRONG COVALENT, broken down by REDUCING AGENTS

Hydrogen bonds- d+ and d-, broken by change in PH and high temperature

Hydrophobic interaction- Carbn and Hydrogen bonds ONLY

Question 13

Quaternary structure

Answer 13

Two or more polypeptide chains bonded to form a larger molecule

Question 14

What is it called if a non protein attaches onto the quaternary structure

Answer 14

CONJUGATED PROTEIN

Question 15

Difference in primary structures in fibrous protein and globular

Answer 15

Globular- non repeating sequence of amino acids, same length chain

Fibrous- repeating sequence of amino acids, varying lengths

Question 16

Difference in nature fibrous protein and globular

Answer 16

Fibrous- Secondary structure most important: Insoluble, tough, cross linked polypeptide chains to fibres and sheets

Globular- Tertiary structure most importain: SOLUBLE, polypeptide tightly folded to form a spherical shape

Question 17

Difference in functions in fibrous protein and globular

Answer 17

Globular: Metabolically active
makes enzymes
immunology, forms globulins

Fibrous- metabolically inactive
-structural functions

Question 18

polymer formed by amino acids

Answer 18

polypeptide

Question 19

What causes the 2ndry structure to differ in length from the primary (alpha)

Answer 19

2ndry has alpha helixes reducing its length, primary are linear

Question 20

Why might eating affect the tertiary structure of proteins

Answer 20

Changes structure, breaks hydrogen bonds