3.6 -- Capillary Perfusion of Cells

Question 1

Capillary exchange is exchange of plasma between blood and what?

Answer 1

Interstitial fluid

Question 2

Depending on the concentration gradient, small dissolved solutes and gases are moved by what?

Answer 2

Diffusion

Question 3

Larger solutes and proteins move mostly by what? This is the mass movement in response to hydrostatic or osmotic what?

Answer 3

Bulk flow, pressure gradients

Question 4

What is filtration and what is it caused by?

Answer 4

Fluid movement out of capillaries and caused by hydrostatic pressure

Question 5

Net filtration at arterial end (beginning) so fluid flows out of capillary to what?

Answer 5

Interstitial fluid surrounding cells

Question 6

What is absorption and what is it caused by?

Answer 6

Fluid movement into capillaries and caused by colloid osmotic pressure

Question 7

Plasma proteins (Albumin) draw back the fluid, so fluid goes back into capillaries from the ISF and net absorption at which end?

Answer 7

Venous end (end)

Question 8

Capillary walls are “leaky” so plasma can filter out to the ISF but red blood cells and what are too big to be filtered?

Answer 8

Protein

Question 9

What determines how much fluid is filtered?

Answer 9

Order of vasculature/pressures
Components of blood
“Leaky” capillary walls

Question 10

Hydrostatic pressure is also known as what?

Answer 10

Fluid pressures

Question 11

P,C or Capillary Hydrostatic pressure is what?

Answer 11

Blood pressure at that point

Question 12

P,i or interstitial hydrostatic pressure is what?

Answer 12

ISF pressure at that point

Question 13

ISF pressure is usually low unless what?

Answer 13

Edema

Question 14

PiC, or capillary oncotic pressure is what?

Answer 14

Plasma proteins (Largely albumin)

Question 15

Pii, or interstitial oncotic pressure is what?

Answer 15

Normally very little protein in ISF

Question 16

When hydrostatic pressure is larger than oncotic, what happens?

Answer 16

Fluid filters out of capillaries

Question 17

When hydrostatic pressure is smaller than oncotic, what happens?

Answer 17

Fluid reabsorbs back into capillaries

Question 18

(P,C - P,i) - (PiC - Pii) is what?

Answer 18

Net driving force

Question 19

Is just slightly more fluid filtered on the arterial side or reabsorbed on the venule side of the capillaries?

Answer 19

Arteriole side

Question 20

Since more fluid is filtered on the arterial side, what happens to the rest of it?

Answer 20

The remaining fluid is returned to the blood via lymphatic vessels

Question 21

The lymphatic system returns fluid and proteins to the what?

Answer 21

Circulatory system

Question 22

Are lymphatic cells junctions “leakier” than vascular cell junctions?

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

The lymphatic system also transports what from intestines to the blood?

Answer 23

Absorbed fats

Question 24

The lymphatic system also serves as a filter for what and produces and houses lymphocytes for the what response?

Answer 24

Pathogens and immune

Question 25

Lymph fluid is returned into the left and right what?

Answer 25

Subclavian veins

Question 26

Lymph ducts have lymph fluid that was filtered from what?

Answer 26

Lymph nodes

Question 27

What part of the lymphatic system is the smallest, found within most organs, and interstitial fluids/proteins/microorganisms/fats can enter?

Answer 27

Lymphatic capillaries

Question 28

Normally, extra fluid that is filtered can be taken up by lymphatics and returned to the plasma compartment approximately where?

Answer 28

Vena cava at right atrium

Question 29

However, a lymphatic obstruction leads to what?

Answer 29

Edema

Question 30

Starling's Hypothesis is that an imbalance in either hydrostatic or oncotic pressures will result in altered balance between what two things?

Answer 30

Amount of plasma filtrated and reabsorbed

Question 31

What is a clinical sign of imbalance in the amount of plasma filtered and reabsorbed?

Answer 31

Edema

Question 32

Edema happens when what occurs?

Answer 32

Increased net filtration (Leakage) of water and solutes into the interstitial fluid compartment

Question 33

Generalized edema is what? What does that mean for the ISF volume?

Answer 33

Swelling in the most dependent parts of the body, which expands interstitial volume

Question 34

Why does generalized edema happen?

Answer 34

A combination of net imbalance between "Starling forces" and gravity"