3.6 emergence of global culture Flashcards
(17 cards)
what is culture
Culture means a set of values, traditions and beliefs that are shared by a group of people
what are culture traits
Culture can be broken down into individual component parts, such as clothing or language.
what is cultural diffusion and what has it been increased by and developed , what does CD cause ?what do you mean by the term homogenisation
> is the spread of one culture to another by various means.
-Globalisation has led to increased cultural diffusion and the development of a global culture.
Cultural diffusion could be said to be causing cultural homogenisation – a term used to describe how cultures are increasingly similar.
what is cultural erosion
the loss of core elements of one’s culture such as language and traditional foods meaning that traditional lifestyles are degraded by the spread of western culture, and local dress, art and architectural styles are lost.
how can culture be spread around the world
1.Through media and entertainment (soft power)
2.TNC’s
3.Military forces
Cuba time line :
1.government declared cuba as a communist state and were isolated from western capitalist world
2.cuba lost subsidies from its main finical banker when solvent union collapsed
3.started to accept foreign capital from toursim( movement away from old communist style of gov.)
4.free enterprise business allowed to set up which was an introduction to private ownership however, reduction in state-ownership
5.reopened us embassy with established a relation with US and cuba and Barack Obama visited, which showed ending of western isolation phase.
what is unipolarity
Is a distribution of power in which one state exercises most of the cultural, economic, and military influence.
what do we mean by america is the basis of cultural hegemony
-The USA is currently the only state recognised as a superpower – this state of uni-polarity is often referred to as hegemony, known as a hyperpower (a dominant superpower with no rivals).
-focused on becoming a cultural hegemony through the spread of globalisation and TNCs
-This is a culture based on:
>A culture of consumerism
>A culture of capitalism
>English main language
>The dollar as main currency
what is McDonaldization
the process of a society adopting the characteristics of a fast-food restaurant.
what is americanisation
is the action of making a person or thing American in character or nationality
How does cultural change affect people and the environment?
-Loss of tribal lifestyles in Papua New Guinea
-TNC’s spread western foods(change impacts the environment greater demand for meat(deforestation)
-Nutrition transition in Asia
-Anti-globalisation protests - Greenpeace(people are now aware of the impacts globalisation + protests)
-Indonesian forests burnt for Palm Oil(deforestation + indigenous people)
-Paralympic movement(acknowledge opportunities for disabled people)
-Global media –TV, news, music(provide new ideologies,infleunce political mindset, evolution of language)
How does cultural change affect people and the environment in China?
P-Changing diet has meant that more meat and fast food is emerging among the middle classes.
P-By 2015, China had also become the world’s largest market for processed food – negative impacts on health.
P-Small farmers face difficulties in trying to adapt to modern food systems and the demand of Chinese people.
E-Livestock farming has become the new focus of Asian agriculture – this creates a rise in emissions of methane.
E-Vast amounts of Amazonian rainforest have been cleared for soya cultivation to feed Chinese cattle.
E-The Chinese government have embarked on a programme of land acquisition in poorer countries, including cuba/ Kazakhstan.
E-Rising affluence also puts pressure on particular animals and plants if their use or consumption is culturally linked with social prestige e.g. shark fin soup.
Case study :Papua New Guinea, cultural erosion
-Papua New Guinea (PNG) is home to hundreds of traditional social groups or tribes, many of which have only recently been in contact with the outside world. Over 800 languages are spoken in PNG, and tribal identities and traditions remain fundamental to Papua life.
-Modern life and the effects of globalisation have slowly been infiltrating into traditional life e.g.
Tribal fighting has long been present in the PNG highlands, but the influx of modern automatic weaponry turned local disputes into lethal exchanges that threatened to permanently reshape culture.
what are the attitudes to globalisation
Protest groups such as Global Justice Movement argue that globalisation has:
-Dramatically increased resource consumption and exploiting of the natural environment
- leading to deforestation
-water pollution
-global warming and loss of biodiversity.
-Exploited workers, especially in emerging countries, who suffer low wages, dangerous working conditions and lack any form of union representation.
-Passed political and economic power into the hands of TNCs and uncaring governments.
-Created increased inequality
-Caused cultural erosion.
How can places be protected against too much change?
UNESCO world heritage sites
Since 1972 the UN has recognised places around the world with unique physical and cultural significance.
Over 1000 of these important places have now been recognised.
Due to their designation, policies have been implemented to ensure their protection from too much change.
Different views on globalisation and cultural diversity
Hyperglobalists’ view-Globalisation is unstoppable
Transformationalists’ view- Globalisation is a powerful but changing force which creates new challenges.
Sceptics’ view -Globalisation is over-rated and is not a new idea
what is an example of a country who is against globalisation to protect their culture
china, Great Wall of china prevents internet users from using bbc/Facebook services.
-chinas government set quota of 34 foreign films a year
However they haven’t been influenced a bit by western culture “celebrate christmas’
