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Pathophysiology > 36 GI Disorders > Flashcards

36 GI Disorders Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

common manifestations of GI tract disorders

A
  • pain
  • vomiting
  • intestinal gas
  • bowel pattern alterations (const/diarrh)
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2
Q

pathophysio mechanism of bowel pattern alterations

A

1 osmotic
2 secretory
3 exudative (muc, bld, prtein)
4 diarrhea r/t motility disturbances

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3
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

3 types

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4
Q

Type I Dysphagia

A

problem w delivery of food/fluid into esophagus

-cough, aspirate, worse w liquids than solids

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5
Q

Type II Dysphagia

A

problem w transport of bolus down esophagus

-sensation food is “stuck” behind sternum, first w solid, may progress to fluid

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6
Q

Type III Dysphagia

A

problems in bolus entry to stomach

-tight/pain in substernal area during swallowing

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7
Q

GastroEsophageal Reflux Disease [GERD]

A

blackflow of gastruc contents into esophagus thru LES

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8
Q

GastroEsophageal Reflux Disease [GERD]

causes

A

any conditin that alters closure strength of LES or incr ab pressure

1 fatty food
2 caffein
3 lrg amt of alcohol
4 cig smoking
5 pregnancy
6 anatomic features like hiatal hernia
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9
Q

GastroEsophageal Reflux Disease [GERD]

s/s

A

1 hrt burn
2 regurgutation
3 chest pain
4 dysphalgia

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10
Q

GastroEsophageal Reflux Disease [GERD]

treatment

A

histamine H2-blocking for occasional GERD

proton pump inhibitors [PPI] for chronic GERD

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11
Q

GastroEsophageal Reflux Disease [GERD]

complications

A
  • Barrett esophagus
  • ulceration/fibrotic scarring
  • esophageal strictures
  • pilmonary symptoms
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12
Q

Barrett esophagus

A

columnar tissue replaces norm squamous epithelium of distal esophagus
-carries risk for esophageal cancer

complication of GERD

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13
Q

Gastritis

A

inflammation of stomach lining

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14
Q

Acute Gastritis

A

precipitated by ingestion of irritating substances

—alcohol + aspirin, NSAIDs, viral, bacterial, autoimmune

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15
Q

Chronic Gastritis

A

peptic ulcer>gastriic adenocarcinoma

-decr intrinsic factor>decr HCl acid

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16
Q

most common cause of chronic gastritis

A

Helicobacter Pylori

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17
Q

diseases of inflammation of stomach + intestines

A

1 acute gastritis
2 chronic gastritis
3 peptic ulcer disease

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18
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

A

disorder of upper GI tract caused by action of ACID + PEPSIN

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19
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

cause

A
  • no relation w diet
  • NSAID, stress/GLUCOCORTICOIDS, smoking, generics
  • H.pylori
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20
Q

H. pylori

A

promotes gastric + duodenal ulcer formation

  • thrives in acidic conditions
  • clearance of H pylori promotes ulcer healing
  • common cause of chronic gastritis + peptic ulcer disease
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21
Q

pain of ____ typically occurs on an empty stomach but may present soon after a meal

A

GASTRIC ULCERS

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22
Q

pain of ____ classically occurs 2-3 hrs after a meal and is relieved by further food ingestion

A

DUODENAL ULCER

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23
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

diagnosis

A

gastric ulcers should be visualized w ENDOSCOPY + BIOPSY to rule out malignancy

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24
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

treatment

Study These Flashcards
A
  • reduce gastric acidity
  • H.pylori antibiotics
  • H2 antagonist
  • PPI
  • sucralfate
  • smoking cessation
  • avoidance of ASA + NSAID
  • stress reduction
  • avoid irritating foods (caffeine,alcohol)
25
inflammatory bowel diseases
1 Ulcerative Colitis | 2 Crohn Diseased
26
Ulcerative Colitis
chronic inflammatory disease of MUCOSA of rectum + colon (lower end) -assoc w incr cancer risk
27
Ulcerative Colitis | s/s
bloody diarrhea + lower abdominal pain
28
Ulcerative Colitis | treatment
- corticosteroid - broad spect antibiotic - salicylate analog - immunomodulating agents (azarthioprine + mercaptopurine) - IV followed by oral cyclosporine for refractory - Infliximab (remicade)
29
Crohn Disease
affects all layers of intestinal wall of the proximal portion of the colon or terminal ileum
30
Crohn Disease | s/s
- interminent fevers - diarrhea (may be blood but not as severe as ulcerative colitis) - chronic RLQ pain - RLQ mass/tenderness
31
Enterocolitis Disorders
1 Antibiotic-Associated Colitis 2 Appendicitis 3 Diverticular Disease
32
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis aka Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis
acute inflammation + necrosis of lrg intestines
33
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis aka Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis cause
Clostridium difficile
34
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis aka Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis s/s
``` diarrhea (often bloody) abdominal pain fever leukocytosis sepsis colonic perforation ```
35
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis aka Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis diagnosis
HISTORY IS CRITICAL
36
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis aka Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis treatment
- stop current antibiotic - treat ischemia - treat contributing conditions - oral antibiotics: metronidazole or vancomycin - recurrence common - rare: fecal transplant
37
Appendicitis
inflammation of the vermiform appendix | -obstruction by a fecalith
38
Appendicitis | s/s
- RLQ pain "McBurney's Point" - rebound tenderness - n/v - fever - diarrhea
39
Appendicitis | treatment
- immediate surgical removal | - antibiotics w fluid/electrolyte replacement
40
Motility Disorders
1 Irritable Bowel Syndrome 2 Volvolus 3 Intussusception
41
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
alternating diarrhea + constipation - accompanied by abdominal cramping pain - no ID pathologic process in GI tract
42
Irritable Bowel Syndrome aka
Spastic Colitis Irritable Colon Syndrome
43
Irritable Bowel Syndrome | s/s
- diarrhea/constipation - ---or alternating pattern of both - abdomincal pain - mucus in stool - nasusea
44
Volvulus
twisting of bowel on itself causing intestinal obstruction + blood vessel compression (ISCHEMIA)
45
Motility Disorders
1 Intussusception | 2 Celiac Disease
46
Intussusception
telescoping/invagination of a portion of bowel into adjacent bowel causing intestinal obstruction - most often in infants - more often in males more than females
47
Celiac Disease
-malabsorption disorder familial intolerance of gluten-containing foods leading to inflammation and atrophy of the intestinal villi
48
Celiac Disease | treatment
- gluten-free diet - supplemental Fe, folate, B12 - fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) - oral corticosteroids or other immunomodulating agents for refractory
49
Neoplasms of GI Tract
``` 1 Esophageal Cancer 2 Gastric Carcinoma 3 Small Intestinal Neoplasms 4 Colonic polyps 5 Colon Cancer ```
50
Neoplasms of GI Tract
``` 1 Esophageal Cancer 2 Gastric Carcinoma 3 Small Intestinal Neoplasms 4 Colonic polyps 5 Colon Cancer ```
51
Esophageal Cancer
accounts for 1-2% of all cancer - men 3x more than women - poor prognosis - V high degree of metastasis
52
Esophageal Cancer | risk factors
- genetic - diet high in NITROSAMINE content - chronic severe reflux "BARRETT ESOPHAGUS" - environmental - smoking - alcohol
53
Gastric Carcinoma
- prevalence in Japan | - Men less than 30yrs
54
Gastric Carcinoma | risk factors
H. pylowri | epstein barr virus
55
Small Intestinal Neoplasms
- benign or malignant - account for <5% GI tumors - 50 yrs or older
56
Colonic Polyps
- any protrusion into the GI lumen | - major precursor lesion in dvlpt of colon cancer
57
Colon Cancer
-second only to lung cancer as a cause of cancer deaths
58
Colon Cancer | risk factors
- 40+ years old - high-fat, low-fiber diet - polyps - chronic irritation or inflammation - hereditary

Pathophysiology (32 decks)

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