CH 10: Protein Sorting & Vesicular Trafficking - (Key Terms)

Question 0

The Golgi compartment within which proteins are sorted and packaged to exit the Golgi apparatus.

Answer 0

trans Golgi network

Question 1

The region of the Golgi apparatus at which proteins enter from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 1

cis Golgi network

Question 2

The degradation of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles by their enclosure in cytoplasmic vesicles that fuse with lysosomes.

Answer 2

Autophagy

Question 3

A vesicle containing internal organelles enclosed by fragments of cytoplasmic membranes that fuses with lysosomes

Answer 3

Autophagosome

Question 4

A protein that coats the cytoplasmic surface of cell membranes and assembles into basketlike lattices that drive vesicle budding.

Answer 4

Clathrin

Question 5

A protein complex on the plasma membrane at which exocytosis occurs.

Answer 5

Exocyst

Question 6

A process in which misfolded proteins in the ER are identified and returned to the cytosol for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system.

Answer 6

ER-associated degradation (ERAD)

Question 7

A vesicular compartment involved in the sorting and transport to lysosomes of material taken up by endocytosis

Answer 7

Endosome

Question 8

Transport vesicle coated w/ clathrin.

Answer 8

Clathrin-Coated Vesicle

Question 9

Transport vesicles coated with COPI or COPII.

Answer 9

COP-Coated Vesicle

Question 10

The 2 proteins other than clathrin that coat transport vesicles (COP indicates coat protein).

Answer 10

COPI + COPII

Question 11

The UPTAKE of Extracellular material in vesicles formed from the plasma membrane.

Answer 11

ENDOcytosis

Question 12

An extensive network of membrane-enclosed tubules and sacs involved in protein sorting and processing as well as in lipid synthesis.

Answer 12

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Question 13

Enzyme that CATALYZES the Formation + Breakage of Disulfide (S–S) linkages.

Answer 13

Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI)

Question 14

Vacuole containing a particle TAKEN UP by Phagocytosis

Answer 14

Phagosome

Question 15

Lysosome that has fused w/ a Phagosome or Autophagosome.

Answer 15

Phagolysosome

Question 16

Protein that CATALYZES the Translocation of Lipids ACROSS the Endoplasmic Reticulum membrane

Answer 16

Flippase

Question 17

UPTAKE of Large Particles, such as bacteria, by a Cell, sometimes called “Cell Eating.”

Answer 17

Phagocytosis

Question 18

Small vesicle formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted.

Answer 18

Microsome

Question 19

A modified Mannose residue that targets proteins to Lysosomes.

Answer 19

Mannose-6-Phosphate

Question 20

Cytoplasmic organelle involved in the processing and sorting of proteins and lipids. In plant cells, it is also the site of the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides.

Answer 20

Golgi Apparatus

Question 21

Compartments of the Golgi apparatus within which most metabolic activities take place.

Answer 21

Golgi stack

Question 22

Cytoplasmic organelle containing enzymes that break down biological polymers.

Answer 22

Lysosome

Question 23

Family of Diseases characterized by the accumulation of undegraded material in the lysosomes of affected individuals.

Answer 23

Lysosomal Storage Disease

Question 24

Glycolipid containing Phosphatidylinositol that Anchors Proteins to the EXTERNAL face of the Plasma Membrane

Answer 24

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Anchor

Question 25

Family of Small GTP-binding proteins that play key roles in vesicular transport.

Answer 25

Rab

Question 26

Region of the Endoplasmic Reticulum covered with ribosomes and involved in protein metabolism.

Answer 26

Rough ER

Question 27

Movement of secreted proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and then, within secretory vesicles, to the cell surface.

Answer 27

Secretory Pathway

Question 28

Membrane-enclosed sac that transports proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface.

Answer 28

Secretory Vesicle

Question 29

A Recognition determinant formed by the 3-Dimensional Folding of a Polypeptide Chain.

Answer 29

Signal Patch

Question 30

HYDROPHOBIC sequence @ the Amino terminus of a Polypeptide chain that Targets it for Secretion in Bacteria or incorporation into Endoplasmic Reticulum of Eukaryotic Cells.

Answer 30

Signal Sequence

Question 31

Enzyme that REMOVES the Signal Sequence of a Polypeptide chain by Proteolysis.

Answer 31

Signal Peptidase

Question 32

Particle composed of Proteins + RNA that Binds to Signal Sequences & Targets polypeptide chains to the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Answer 32

Signal Recognition Particle (SRP)

Question 33

Region of the Endoplasmic Reticulum that is the Major site of Lipid Synthesis in Eukaryotic Cells.

Answer 33

Smooth ER

Question 34

Transmembrane Protein that MEDIATES fusion of Vesicle + Target membranes.

Answer 34

SNARE

Question 35

Protein on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum that binds the signal recognition particle (SRP)

Answer 35

SRP receptor

Question 36

The Small Cytoplasmic RNA component of SRP.

Answer 36

SRP RNA

Question 37

Secretory vesicle that releases neurotransmitters at a synapse.

Answer 37

Synaptic Vesicle

Question 38

A large membrane-enclosed sac in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. In plant cells, vacuoles function to store nutrients and waste products, to degrade macromolecules, and to maintain turgor pressure.

Answer 38

Vacuole

Question 39

Cellular Stress Response in which an excess of Unfolded Proteins in the Endoplasmic Reticulum LEADS TO General Inhibition of Protein Synthesis, INCREASED Expression of Chaperones, & INCREASED Proteasome activity.

Answer 39

Unfolded Protein Response (UPR)

Question 40

Membrane Channel thru which Polypeptide Chains are Transported INTO the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Answer 40

Translocon

Question 41

Region of ER from which Proteins EXIT for Golgi Apparatus.

Answer 41

Transitional ER