Chapter 2 Flashcards
Describe the four basic phases of writing
a. content: info you want to communicate and strategy, b. organization: appropriate order and structure, c. writing: compose and revise. d. design: formatting and visuals
Explain the three main purposes of most written messages. Why is the third purpose so important
a. inform, b. persuade, c. build relationships of trust. Without trust, you will fail in your communication
Why should you analyze the audience before you begin writing?
So you write to their frame of audience. The emotional state of your audience can affect the effectiveness of your delivery.
What is WIIFM? Why is it important in writing and speaking to various audiences?
WIIFM: what’s in it for me? –> what the audience will ask, you want to fulfill the audiences expectations
Why is outlining important?
a. outlining improves writing, b. helps organize thoughts
What is bottom up outlining in what context is it most useful?
a. details–>categories, b. bottom-up: free list->categorize->sequence, c. Top-down: traditional outline, tree diagram, pedigree chart, organization chart, mind map
What is mindmapping? Why might you use it instead of traditional outlining?
a. top-down outline. b. Its visual nature and flexibility. allows for additions in a random nature.
What steps are required to turn a free list into an outline?
Free list->categorize->sequence->outline
What is involved in the process of classifying?
Drag items from list into appropriate categories, headings
Indicate whether each of the following is an example of chrono or nonchrono sequencing: quantitative, proble-solution, spacial, narrative, cause-effect.
a. quantitative: NC, b. Prob-solve: c, c. Spatial Nonchon, d. Narrative: Chron, e. Cause-effect: Chron
Describe the five outline tests
a. inclusion/presence test: is everything present that could be? if not, add them. b. Exclusion/absence test: is everything appropriate? if not, delete them. c. Heirarchy/Horizontal test: is everything in the right hierarchal organization? if not, reorganize, d. sequence/vertical test: is everything in the right sequence?, e. Language/working: are you using the right words? Consistent?
How can you fix an exclusion-test problem?
delete what should not be there
List five keys to analyze and evaluate communication channels
a. richness: face to face is the richest. quality of communication. b. convenience: least amount of effort=most convenient, email, text, phone, mail, c. speed: speed of transition, d. Permanence: whether the record is kept. Paper messages=high. Telephone=low. e. cost: $$ Time to compose, time to listen, paper, etc.
What are Aristotle’s three rhetorical strategies? give an example of each
a. pathos - heart appeal, emotions, b. Ethos - credibility, psychological, c. logos-logic, head, kiros: urgent or delayed action
Explain the difference between direct and indirect order
Direct gives the main information and ideas first and then expands. Indirect gives explanations first and then the main ideas.
