Review Questions

Question 1

Name 2 phyla of gymnosperms.

Answer 1

Ginkophyta, Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta and Coniferophyta

Question 2

Describe and name the four fruit types

Answer 2

simple – possess one ovary, aggregate – one flower several seeds, multiple – several flowers fused together to make one fruit, dry – grains and nuts

Question 3

Name three adaptations gymnosperms have developed for living in drier and cooler environments

Answer 3

reduced gametophyte generation, reduced size of leaves, thick/waxy cuticle, thick bark and cones for reproduction

Question 4

Of the six major phyla of fungi, which phylum produces small, dust-like spores called conidia?

Answer 4

Ascomycota

Question 5

Fungi have cell walls composed of _________.

Answer 5

chitin

Question 6

Fungi excrete _________ onto dead material in order to begin ingestion

Answer 6

exoenzymes

Question 7

True or False. Gametophytes are the dominant generation and sporophytes remain a single cell in angiosperms

Answer 7

False

Question 8

Certain Lycophytes are air plants. What are these air plants called?

Answer 8

epiphytes

Question 9

Fossil fuels are an important area of our economy and affect how the majority of our economics waver. These fossil fuels were once what made up the “first real forests”. What phylum are these sources from?

Answer 9

Lycophyta

Question 10

What does it mean that seeds are naked?

Answer 10

the seeds are not enclosed and protected in fruits

Question 11

Name the three phylum of Bryophytes.

Answer 11

Bryophyta, Hepatophyta (Liverworts) and Anthocerophyta (Hornworts)

Question 12

How do Bryophyte’s sexual and asexual reproduction differ?

Answer 12

asexual reproduction doesn’t require water to be present

Question 13

Common Pteridophytes are ferns. They have an underground stem called a rhizome and underdeveloped leaves called fiddleheads. These fiddleheads mature late into _________.

Answer 13

fronds

Question 14

What are the three types of seed dispersal when it comes to angiosperms?

Answer 14

kites, burrs and edible

Question 15

What is the name of the green, protective leaves of a plant and are they reproductive in nature?

Answer 15

sepals – no they are not reproductive, they help form the protective bud

Question 16

True or False. A larger Bryophyte produces larger seeds.

Answer 16

False…Bryophytes are all small and don’t produce seeds

Question 17

Why is the gametophyte generation dominant in Bryophytes?

Answer 17

because of the presence and availability of water in the environment

Question 18

What are the megaphylls on ferns called and what do they develop from?

Answer 18

fronds develop from fiddleheads

Question 19

What are the megaphylls on ferns called and what do they develop from?

Answer 19

fronds develop from fiddleheads

Question 20

How many phyla do gymnosperms consist of?

Answer 20

4

Question 21

__________ is a fungus that covers the root surface of a plant and increases the surface area for water uptake by the plants.

Answer 21

ectomycorrhizae

Question 22

What type of Pteridophytes formed the first real forests?

Answer 22

Lycophytes

Question 23

Name ONE of the four phyla of the Gymnosperms.

Answer 23

Ginkophyta, Gnetophyta, Cycadophyta or Coniferophyta

Question 24

In Bryophytes, why can the plant only be a couple of cells wide/thick?

Answer 24

because there is no vascular tissue present and they rely on diffusion and osmosis for water and nutrient transport

Question 25

What differentiates a male and female coniferophyta?

Answer 25

Male  long, narrow and yellow cones; female  large, wide and green cones when unfertilized and brown when fertilized.

Question 26

Which one of these is not one of the Bryophyte phyla?

Lychophyta, Bryophyta, Anthocerophyta or Hepatophyta

Answer 26

Lychophyta

Question 27

How many different phyla of Pteridophytes exist? What are they?

Answer 27

2, Lycophytes and Pterophytes

Question 28

How many flower parts do monocots have?

Answer 28

monocots have flower parts that occur in multiples of threes

Question 29

What are the components of the site of the female sporophyll of an angiosperm?

Answer 29

stigma, style and ovary

Question 30

What is the common name of Hepatophyta?

Answer 30

Liverworts

Question 31

What are three adaptations for drier and cooler environments of gymnosperms?

Answer 31

reduced gametophyte generation, reduced size of leaves, waxy cuticle, evergreens, bark and cones

Question 32

Why do some plants have seedless fruit?

Answer 32

hormonal trickery

Question 33

What traits do hornworts share with algae ancestors?

Answer 33

a single, large chloroplast

Question 34

What is the difference between green fruits and colored fruits?

Answer 34

green fruits are not ripe, are hard, unscented and often sour

Question 35

True of False. Fungi are mostly autotrophs.

Answer 35

False, they are mostly heterotrophs, but in appearance do look like plants

Question 36

The first vascular plants (pteridophytes) moved farther inland to avoid competition with bryophytes. What two carbohydrates did these plats start producing that allowed them to live in a drier environment?

Answer 36

Lignin and Pectin

Question 37

What are Ephedra and Welwitschia?

Answer 37

extreme desert plants; ephedra becomes tumbleweeds when they die and Welwitschia have the largest leaves of all plants.

Question 38

Which generation is the dominant generation of Pteridophytes?

Answer 38

sporophyte generation