3.8 Aldehydes and Ketones

Question 1

General formula of aldehydes and ketones

Answer 1

CₙH₂ₙO

Question 2

Functional group of aldehydes and ketones

Answer 2

C=O

Question 3

Name of CH₃CH₂CHO

Answer 3

Propanal (aldehyde)

Question 4

Name of CH₂COCH₃

Answer 4

Propanone (ketone)

Question 5

Aldehydes are readily oxidised to…

Answer 5

Carboxylic acids

Question 6

Reagents and conditions for oxidising aldehydes

Answer 6

• Reflux with acidified potassium dichromate
• Warm with Tollens reagent
• Warm with Fehling’s solution

Question 7

What can both aldehydes and ketones be reduces to?

Answer 7

Alcohols

Question 8

Mechanism for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols

Answer 8

Nucleophilic addition

Question 9

Conditions for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols

Answer 9

Aqueous

Question 10

How can a reducing agent be represented?

Answer 10

[H]

Question 11

Reagent for reduction of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols

Answer 11

NaBH₄ (aq) - source of hydride ions (:H⁻)

Question 12

Mechanism for the addition of HCN to aldehydes and ketones

Answer 12

Nucleophilic addition

Question 13

What is formed when HCN is added to aldehydes and ketones?

Answer 13

Hydroxynitriles