psych 201 review Flashcards
A double blind study:
A.) usually lacks reliability
B.) cannot be used to determine cause and effect
C.) necessarily has sufficient power to detect group differences
D.) minimize expectancy effects
D.) minimizes expectancy effects
Karen received a PhD is psychology and now treats psychological disorders. Which type of psychologist is Karen? Academic Social Clinical Research
Clinical
Testing a hypothesis might result in \_\_\_\_\_ a theory A.) observing B.) answering C.) falsifying D.) proving
C.) falsifying
Each data point on a scatter plot represents:
A.) a single participants score on variable A and B
B.) a single participants score on variable B
C.) the score on variable A and the group mean of variable B
D.) the score on Variable B at the group mean of variable A
A.) a single participants score on variable A and B
In a simple correlation design, how would these data be collected?
A.) measure each participants score on Variable A and Variable B
B.) randomly assign participants to experience either variable A or variable B
C.) manipulate variable A and then observe its effects on Variable B
D.) manipulate both variables A and B and observe their effects on the target behavior of interest
A.) measure each participant’s score on variables A and B
Which statement is true given that variables A and B are significantly correlated?
Knowing the score on variable A allows for an estimate of the score on variable B
You decide to use a person’s eye color as a measure of intelligence. Which statement is true?
The measure is reliable but lacks validity
Today, a psychologist believe that mental processes…
Arise from electrical and chemical activities of the brain
The psychological approach that emphasizes that the mind is a collection of specialized components that are designed to overcome problems that our ancestors faced by over a million years is:
Evolutionary psychology
Why can you not claim a cause and effect relationship with correlational studies?
The correlation between two variables might arise due to the presence of a third variable, causing an effect in both variables of interest
An operational definition is:
A description of a property in measurable terms
According to the American Psychological association, which statement about the use of coercion is psychological research is true?
It is not permissible
A cognitive psychologist who studied the perceptual and cognitive errors of children in order to gain insight into the nature and development of the human mind was:
Jean Piaget
A boxer suddenly begins experiencing wild mood swings and bizarre behavior. A neuroscientist determines that the boxer has traumatic brain injury probably caused by numerous concussions. The neuroscientist then studies the brain functioning of the boxer in great detail using the fMRI brain imaging techniques to learn more about the concussion. This represents:
Case method
What is the best way to make it less likely that people will be influenced by demand characteristics?
Keep them from knowing the true purpose of the observation
A person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind is referred to as:
Consciousness
John Watson, a behaviorist, criticized the introspective methods of the structuralist and functionalist primarily because:
Introspection cannot produce replicable and objective measures required by science
A testable prediction derived from a theory is termed an:
Hypothesis
Terrence is studying how music affects attitude. On a hot June day, he exposes one group of college students to classical music and another group to jazz, while he measures their attitudes toward war. The dependent variable is:
Attitude toward war
In an experimental design, volunteers are placed into the experimental group or the control group based on a flip of a coin. This method illustrates
Random assignment
In the number sequence 3,6,1,1,9. What is the range?
8
Jill decided to participate in research studies conducted by professors in the psychology department. Before a study begins, she is given what looks like a contract that describes the study, as well as the risks and benefits of participating. This describes:
Informed consent
Carrie is working with a patient to uncover the patient’s early experiences as well as trying to bring unconscious anxieties and conflicts into awareness. Carrie is using which approach to work and her patient?
Psychoanalytic
The scientific study of mental processes, including the perception, though, memory, and reasoning, is called:
Cognitive psychology
Leslie thinks that we learn to act in certain ways because of the consequences of our actions. Her belief is probably influenced by the findings of:
B.F skinner, a behaviorist.
Solomon Asch, a social psychologist was interested in understanding how the presence of a group with a conflicting idea from an individual might impact their behavior. His research interests were shaped, in part by the:
Holocaust
_____ believed that the mind a blank slate
Philosophical empiricists
Random assignment to groups helps ensure that:
Groups do not differ on variables not of interest
____ is defined as a tentative explanation of a natural phenomenon
theory
Researches wanted to see if listening to calm music would reduce heart rates. Half of the research participants sat quietly and listened to calm music, and the other half sat quietly and listened to no music at all. The group that listened to the music is called the:
Experimental group
A frequency distribution in which most measurements are concentrated around the mean and fall of toward the tails, and where the two sides of the distribution are symmetrical, is called:
Normal distribution
As an elementary school student, Dan met with a psychologist at school who helped him with speech and reading. Which type of psychologist did Dan see?
School psychologist
Which approach to psychology links psychological processes to activities in the nervous system and other bodily processes
Behavioral neuroscience
Roger wants to study whether the level of personal income predicts happiness. He operationally defines income and the groups amount of money a person earns in a calendar year. He operationally defined happiness as the ability of the person to stand on one leg for no longer than three minutes. What is wrong with Roger’s study?
It lacks validity; the operational definition of happiness is unrelated to the underlying property of happiness
She obtains a list of all the students who are enrolled at the college. She randomly picks 100 students from the list and administers to these students a survey:
Random sampling
According to your book, psychological science today acts as a “hub science” which means:
Psychology links with and influences smaller subfields
A property with a value that can vary or change is called:
Variable
Freud’s view of human nature was largely____, which resulted in the emergence of humanistic psychologists was largely___
Negative; positive
In order for a study to be a true experiment, you must ____ variable and _____ variable
Manipulate an independent; measure a dependent
Which psychologist was not part of the psychoanalytic movement?
Kenneth Clark
The term beneficent means that:
Researches should attempt to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks of their research
Rene Descartes believe that the mind and body serve different functions in human behavior and only communicated through the pineal gland. How did philosophical perspective impact the development of psychological science?
Set back the psychologists understanding of the bidirectional nature of the mind and the brain and how they both contribute to human perception
Which armament about the use of animals in psychological research is true?
Animals in psychological research may be exposed to painful stimuli if there is no other way to conduct the research and there is strong justifications for the research
A reliable measure is one that:
Tends to produce the same result whenever it is used to measure the same thing
