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Board Review - B - Biochemistry > Molecular I > Flashcards

Molecular I Flashcards

1
Q

DNA and histone charges

A

DNA - negative

histone - positive

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2
Q

histone AAs

A

arginine and lysine

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3
Q

H1 histone

A

linker

binds nucleosone - stabilizing chromatin

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4
Q

DNA and histone synthesis

A

S phase

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5
Q

heterochromatin

A

dense DNA
inactive

ex. barr bodies - inactive

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6
Q

euchromatin

A

loose DNA

active

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7
Q

DNA methylation

A

inhibit transcription

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8
Q

CpG islands

A

DNA methylation

-inhibit transcription

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9
Q

nucleosome

A

DNA wrapped around histone

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10
Q

histone methylation

A

repress DNA transcription

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11
Q

histone acetylation

A

relax DNA coil

-allow transcription

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12
Q

purine

A

A
G
2 rings

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13
Q

pyrimidine

A

C
T
U
1 ring

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14
Q

bonds purine vs. pyrimidine

A 
C-G = 3
A-T = 2

CG stronger - higher melting temp

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15
Q

AA for purine synthesis

A

glycine
aspartate
gultamine

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16
Q

nucleoside vs. nucleotide

A

side - base and sugar

tide - base, sugar, and phosphate

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17
Q

hydroxyurea

A

inhibit ribonucleotide reductase

-inhibit pyrimidine pathway

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18
Q

6 mercaptopurine

A

inhibit de novo purine synthesis

purine synthesis

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19
Q

5 fluorouracil

A

inhibit thymydilate synthetase

pyrimidine synthesis

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20
Q

methotrexate

A

inhibit DHFR

21
Q

trimethoprim

A

inhibit DHFR

22
Q

pyrimethamine

A

inhibit DHFR

23
Q

leflunomide

A

inhibit dihydroorate DH

24
Q

mycophenolate

A

inhibit IMP DH

purine synhesis

25
Q

ribavirin

A

inhibit IMP DH

purine synthesis

26
Q

temporary base in pyrimidine synthesis

A

orotic acid

27
Q

allopurinol

A

inhibit xanthine oxidase

28
Q

febuxostat

A

inhibit xanthine oxidase

29
Q

probenecid

A

increased uric acid excretion in urine

30
Q

adenosine deaminase deficiency

A

major cause auto rec SCID

excess ATP and dATP - imbalanced nucleotide pool

prevent DNA synthesis - decreased lymphocyte count

31
Q

redundant genetic code

A

most AA coded by multiple codons

32
Q

lesch nyhan syndrome

A

defective purine salvage

absent HGPRT

excess uric acid

clinical intellectual disability, self mutilation, aggression, hyperuricemia, gout, dystona

33
Q

tx lesch nyhan

A

allopurinol

febuxostat

34
Q

helicase

A

unwind DNA

35
Q

single strand binding protein

A

prevent reannealing of separated DNA strands

36
Q

fluoroquinolones

A

inhibit topoisomerase II - DNA gyrase

37
Q

topoisomerase

A

fix supercoliing

38
Q

primase

A

add RNA primer - on which DNA polymerase III can initiate replication

39
Q

DNA polymerase III

A

prokaryote only

5 > 3 synthesis
3 > 5 exonuclease

40
Q

DNA polymerase III vs. I

A

III - elongate leading strand - 5 > 3 synthesis
-and 3 > 5 exonuclease

I - degrade RNA primer - replace with DNA
-and 5 > 3 exonuclease

41
Q

direction of synthesis of DNA

A

read 3 > 5

synthesized 5 > 4

42
Q

DNA polymerase I

A

excise RNA primer with 5 > 3 exonuclease

43
Q

DNA ligase

A

formation of phosphodiester bonds within strand of dsDNA

join okazaki fragment

44
Q

telomerase

A

add DNA to 3’ end chromosome

avoid loss of genetic material

RNA dependent DNA polymerase

45
Q

transition

A

purine to purine or pyr to pyr

46
Q

transversion

A

purine to pyr

47
Q

glucose not available to E. coli - but lactose is

A

lac operon activated

low glucose - increased adenylyl cyclase - increase cAMP
-activation of CAP - increased transcription

high lactose - unbind repressor protein - increased transcription

48
Q

strong expression of lac operon

A

low glucose

high lactose

Board Review - B - Biochemistry (13 decks)

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