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Board Review - B - Biochemistry > Cellular I > Flashcards

Cellular I Flashcards

1
Q

M phase

A

mitosis and cytokinesis

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2
Q

cyclin-CDK

A

CDK - inactive

cyclin - activate CDK

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3
Q

regulate G1 > S

A

p53 and hypo-P Rb inhibit progression

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4
Q

permanent cell

A

remain G0 - neuron, skeletal m, cardiac m

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5
Q

stable cell

A

quiescent - enter G1 from G0

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6
Q

labile cell

A

never enter G0 - rapid division - most affected by chemo

bone marrow, gut epithelium, skin, hair follicles, germ cells

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7
Q

rough ER

A

synthesis secretory protein

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8
Q

nissl bodies

A

RER in neurons - NT for secretion

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9
Q

free ribosome

A

synthesis of organellar and cytosolic proteins

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10
Q

smooth ER

A

steroid synthesis and detoxification

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11
Q

golgi modification

A

N-oligosaccharide on aspargine
add O-oligosaccharide on serine and threonine
add mannose-6-P to protein for trafficking to lysosome

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12
Q

mannose-6-phosphate

A

mark protein traffic to lysosome

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13
Q

I cell disease

A

inclusion cell disease
-inherited lysosomal storage disease

defect N-acetylglucosaminyl-l-phosphotransferase

failure phosphorylate mannose residues - mannose 6-P
-protein secrete extracellular - instead of delivered to lysosome

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14
Q

coarse facial features, cloudy cornea, restricted joint movement, high plasma lysosomal, fatal in children

A

inclusion cell disease

-defective phosphorylation manose residues - no trafficking to lysosome

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15
Q

peroxisome

A

catabolism - very long chain fatty acids, branched chain fatty acids, amino acids

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16
Q

proteasome

A

degrade damaged or ubiquitin tagged protein

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17
Q

defect ubiquitin proteasome

A

seen in some cases parkinsons

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18
Q

collagen synthesis pathway

A

RER synthesis - preprocollagen
> GLY - proline - lysine
> hydroxylation of proline and lysine (Vit C - scurvy)
> glycosylstion of hydroxylysine residues
> form procollagen - via H and disulfide bonds - triple helix (osteogenesis imperfecta - impaired triple helix)
> exocytosis

outside cell - proteolytic processing
> cleavage procollagen - makes insoluble
> reinforce tropocollagen - cross link lysine-hydroxylysine - enzyme lysyl oxidase (copper containing)

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19
Q

glycine content

A

1/3 collagen

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20
Q

ehler danlos syndrome

A

problem crosslinking collagen

defective lysyl oxidase

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21
Q

lysyl oxidase

A

cross link collagen in ECM

-defective in ehler danlos syndrome

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22
Q

vit C deficient

A

scurvy - cannot hydroxylate proline and lysine of collagne

in the RER of cell

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23
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta

A

auto dom
-decreased production type I collagen (normal collagen)

blue sclera
multi fractures
hearing loss - abnormal ossicles
dental imperfection

24
Q

types of ehlers danlos

A

type 1 - MC - hypermobility
type 2 - classic - joint and skin - collagen type V
type 3 - vascular - type III collagen

25
Q

menkes disease

A

X-linked rec - impaired copper absorption

defective menkes protein - ATP7A

decreased activity lysyl oxidase (copper is cofactor)

brittle - kinky hair, growthy retardation, hypotonia

26
Q

elastin

A

rich nonhydroxylated proline, glycine, lysine

tropoelastin with fibrillin scaffold

cross linking - occurs extracellularly

elastase - breaks it down - inhibited by a1 antitrypsin

27
Q

marfan

A

defect fibrillin

-glycoprotein sheath around elastin

28
Q

emphysema

A

a1 antitrypsin deficiecny

-excess elastase activation

29
Q

wrinkles of aging

A

decreased collagen and elastin production

30
Q

actin

A

microfilament

31
Q

intermediate filaments

A

maintain cell stucture

vimentin, desmin, cytokeratin, lamins, GFAP, neurofilaments

32
Q

microtubules

A

movement and cell division

mitotic spindle
axon transport
centrioles

33
Q

desmin

A

intermediate filament of muscle

34
Q

vimetin

A

intermediate filament of CT

35
Q

cytokeratin

A

intermediate filament of epithelial cells

36
Q

GFAP

A

intermediate filament of neuroglia

37
Q

neurofilaments

A

intermediate filament of neurons

38
Q

microtubule structure

A

heterodimer alpha and beta tubulin

dimer - 2 GTP bound

39
Q

dynein

A

retrograde = + to - on microtubule

40
Q

kinesin

A

anterograde = - to + on microtubule

41
Q

drugs act on microtubule

A 
colchicine
paclitaxel
vincristine/vinblastine
mebendazole
griseofulvin
42
Q

cilia structure

A

9 + 2 arrangement

axonemal dynein - ATPase that linkes peripheral 9 doublets and causes bending of cilium

43
Q

kartagener syndrome

A

primary ciliary dyskinesia

defect dynein arm

infertility - immotile sperm and dysfunctional fallopian tube cilia

increased risk ectopic

situs iversus, bronchiectasis, recurrent sinusitis

44
Q

fungal membrane

A

ergosterol

45
Q

Na/K pump

A

3 Na out of cell
2K into cell

requires ATP

46
Q

digoxin MOA

A

inhibit Na/K ATPase

  • leads to indirect inhibition of Na/Ca exchange
  • increased Ca

increased cardiac contractility

47
Q

ouabain

A

inhibit Na/K ATPase

binds K binding site

48
Q

most abundant protein human body

A

collagen

49
Q

type I collagen

A

bone, skin, tendon

late wound repair - replace type III

50
Q

type II collagen

A

cartilage, vitreous body, nucleus pulposus

51
Q

type III collagen

A

reticulin, skin, blood vessel, uterus, fetal tissue, granulation tissue (early wound - replaced by type I)

52
Q

type IV collagen

A

basement membrane

53
Q

alport syndrome

A

defective collagen type IV

54
Q

goodpasture syndrome

A

target collagen type IV BM

55
Q

vascular ehler danlos

A

type 3

collagen type III defect - vascular

Board Review - B - Biochemistry (13 decks)

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