Unit 1

Question 1

Basic Research

Answer 1

a way of research to gain new knowledge on a particular topic

Question 2

Applied Research

Answer 2

a way of research that is applied, accessing the research communities’ accumulated knowledge, theories, and techniques for a purpose

Question 3

Biopsychosocial Approach

Answer 3

a general model that uses biological, psychological, and social factors to explain a disease or illness

Question 4

Empiricism

Answer 4

the theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience

Question 5

Functionalism

Answer 5

belief in or stress on the practical application of a thing, in particular

Question 6

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 6

this approach emphasizes an individual’s inherent drive towards self-actualization and creativity

Question 7

Nature

Answer 7

heritable traits

Question 8

Nurture

Answer 8

environmental influences

Question 9

Psychology

Answer 9

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 10

Structuralism

Answer 10

a method of interpretation and analysis of aspects of human cognition, behavior, culture, and experience that focuses on relationships of contrast between elements in a conceptual system that reflect patterns underlying a superficial diversity

Question 11

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 11

a research tool in which a subject is observed in its natural habitat without any manipulation by the observer

Question 12

Placebo Effect

Answer 12

a beneficial effect, produced by a placebo drug or treatment, that cannot be attributed to the properties of the placebo itself, and must therefore be due to the patient’s belief in that treatment

Question 13

Population

Answer 13

the number or body of inhabitants of a particular race or class in a place

Question 14

Random Assignment

Answer 14

a method for assigning subjects to one or more groups by chance

Question 15

Random Sample

Answer 15

a sample in which every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected

Question 16

Range

Answer 16

difference between highest to lowest

Question 17

Replication

Answer 17

the repetition of a scientific experiment or trial to obtain a consistent result

Question 18

Standard Deviation

Answer 18

a computed measure of how scores vary around the mean

Question 19

Statistical Significance

Answer 19

the probability that an event or difference occurred by chance alone

Question 20

Survey

Answer 20

a technique for ascertaining self reported attitudes, opinions, or behaviors of people usually done by questioning a representative, random sample of people

Question 21

Theory

Answer 21

an explanation that integrates principles and organizes and predicts behavior or events

Question 22

Operational Definition

Answer 22

defines something (e.g. a variable, term, or object) in terms of the specific process or set of validation tests used to determine its presence and quantity

Question 23

Operational Definition

Answer 23

defines something (e.g. a variable, term, or object) in terms of the specific process or set of validation tests used to determine its presence and quantity