Unit 2

Question 1

What two systems make-up the nervous system?

Answer 1

CNS + PNS

Question 2

When does the Nervous system start to develop in a fetus?

Answer 2

The 3rd week;

continues thro-out pre/post natal development.

Question 3

When is the most critical time in the CNS development of the fetus.

Answer 3

The 1st year of life.

Question 4

Infants brain grows from ______ of the size of adult brain.

Answer 4

1/4 - 1/2 (in the first year)

Question 5

Development of the Neurological System (CNS): Most growth occurs in the _____

Answer 5

Cerebral cortex

Question 6

Growth of the brain slows at _____

Answer 6

2 years of age but continues into adolescence

Question 7

By adolescence, the brain is adult size, but _____

Answer 7

Myelination continues into adulthood

Question 8

Development + refinement of frontal lobe (executive function) is not complete until what age?

Answer 8

25 years of age

Question 9

What age does the CNS start to decline?

Answer 9

After 30

Question 10

How do older adults keep their minds active in order to maintain the neuronal networks?

Answer 10

“Mental gymnastics”
- Courses/ crosswords/ travel
Aerobic exercise can improve memory + delay onset of dementia

Question 11

Define Motor Control…

Answer 11

• The study of the CONTROL OF MOVEMENT + POSTURE already acquired.
• Control movement is based on neurological + mechanical processes.*

Question 12

Motor control facilitates…

Answer 12

Co-ordinated , sequenced movements for all functional tasks

Question 13

Motor Control is produced by an interplay between…

Answer 13

the PERSON, the TASK and the ENVIRONMENT

Question 14

Define Motor Learning…

Answer 14

Learning new actions as a result of experience + practice which creates permanent changes in behaviour.
ie. Learning how to ski

Question 15

Define Motor Development…

Answer 15

The way in which motor abilities emerge + are achieved

ie. Motor milestones (sitting/crawling)

Question 16

Define Neural Plasticity…

Answer 16

The brain’s ability to adapt + use cellular adaptations to learn or re-learn functions previously lost due to cellular death by trauma or disease at any age.

Question 17

Explain Neural Plasticity…

Answer 17

• New Cell Growth (synaptogenesis).

- Formation of new synapses in the injured brain -

Question 18

What are the 3x approaches to Neurological Rehabilitation

Answer 18

1. Bobath; Neurodevelopment Techniques (NDT)
2. Compensatory Strategies
3. Functional Training Approach

Question 19

What are the 11 Neurological Conditions?

Answer 19

1. Stroke/Cerebral Vascular Disease (CVA)
2. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
3. Acquired Brain Injury
4. Concussion
5. Post Concussion Syndrome
6. Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
7. Parkinson’s Disease
8. Huntington’s Chorea
9. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
10. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
11. Alzheimer’s

Question 20

What are the 4x acquired brain injuries from trauma?

Answer 20

1. MVA
2. Falls
3. Sporting Injuries
4. Assault

Question 21

What are the 4x acquired brain injuries from non-trauma?

Answer 21

1. Anoxia (absence of O2).
2. Stroke
3. CNS Infection
4. Brain Tumors

Question 22

If a client presents with impairment or dysfunction in the CNS + PNS, what kind of treatment therapy is used?

Answer 22

Neurological Rehabilitation

Question 23

Define Bobath

Answer 23

Is a problem solving approach to the assessment & tx of cli. w disturbances of tone, movement & function due to a lesion in the CNS

Question 24

For Bobath NDT, what are the key points?

Answer 24

• Tx is focused on remediation
• Regain abilities thro neuromuscular plasticity adaptation.
• Use of afferent info to effect improvements in motor performance (facilitation).
• Facilitation via handling skills.
• Limitations???

Question 25

For Compensatory Strategies, what are the key points?

Answer 25

• Focus is on Functional movement.
• Early resumption of functional independence using the preserved movement abilities is stressed.
• Substitution movements are essential - find new ways to do previous tasks.
• Limitations: may lead to learned non-use of the impaired body part.

Question 26

What is the definition of Compensatory Strategies?

Answer 26

Achieving movement thro an alternative process than before due to age related changes or injury.

Question 27

What is the definition of Functional Training Approach?

Answer 27

Method of retraining the movement system using REPETITIVE practice of functional tasks in an attempt to reestablish the clients ability to perform ADL’s.

Question 28

What are the main key points for Functional Training Approach?

Answer 28

• Focus on using a variety of different motor skills necessary for everyday life (important to client).
• Adapt movements in accordance with different environment demands.
• F.T. includes task training + repetitive practice.

Question 29

What are the task-oriented training/approach?

Answer 29

1. Min impairments
2. Develop task specific strategies
3. Adapt the task + envir. to facilitate success

Question 30

Describe stroke/CVA and the 2x types of strokes

Answer 30

Blood vessels serving the brain, with impaired blood supply
+ ischemia (most common).
1. Ischemic: 70% - Caused by hypoxia (low O2), middle cerebral artery.
2. Hemorrhagic: 30% - Due to abnormal bleeding from a cerebral artery.

Question 31

What is a TIA?

Answer 31

Diminished b/flow, stroke like symptoms which usually last 24-48 hours.