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PTA 2 > Unit 1C > Flashcards

Unit 1C Flashcards

1
Q

What is the use of Electrical Stimulation?

A

ES consists of any modalities in which there is an electrical current going thro the client.

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2
Q

What are the contraindications for the use of ES?

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Pacemaker
  3. Active TB
  4. Cancer
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3
Q

What are the precautions for the use of ES?

A
  1. Obesity
  2. Decreased sensation
  3. Cognition
  4. Skin condition or fragile skin
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4
Q

What are the general indications for the use of ES?

A
  1. Increased Swelling
  2. Increased Pain
  3. Muscle Weakness
  4. Decreased Circulation
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5
Q

T/F: NMES does not increase strength in healthy muscle better than exercise.

A

TRUE

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6
Q

T/F: NMES with exercise is more effective than exercise alone in strengthening a weakened muscle.

A

TRUE

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7
Q

Explain the gate theory of pain.

A

TCells receive a convergence of PPS (excitatory) + PRS (Inhibitory) influences from both ascending + descending nerve fibres

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8
Q

Explain the transmission of Pain theory

A

+ > - More excitatory (+) signals than inhibitory. SOP transmitted to cerebral cortex.
Gate “OPEN” = Transmission of pain!

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9
Q

Explain the pain transmission blocked thoery

A
  • >
    • More inhibitory (-) signals than excitatory. SOP blocked. ie no message of pain sent to the cortex.
      Gate “CLOSED” = Pain transmission blocked!
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10
Q

Complete this sentence: The application of EPA’s create…

A

ascending inhibitory signals

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11
Q

What are the 6x therapeutic effects of ES?

A
  1. Increased strength & endurance. (NMES)
  2. Improve motor control thro muscle retraining. (FES)
  3. Pain Control. (EPA’S)
  4. Edema Control.
  5. Increased circulation. (TENS + NMES)
  6. Improved tissue healing. (NMES, TENS + IFC).
    =IIPEII
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12
Q

What does NMES stand for?

A

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation

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13
Q

What does TENS stand for?

A

Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation

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14
Q

What does IFC stand for?

A

Interferential Current

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15
Q

What are the indications for NMES?

A
  1. Decreased strength/endurance.
  2. Maintain or increase ROM
  3. Retraining a muscle
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16
Q

What are the spec for the NMES machine?

A 
M: Co-C-CO
F: 50-60Hz
RT. 2 Secs
DC: 1/3 or 1/4
PD: 300ms
T: 8-12 mins
TX: Injured weak muscle
17
Q

What are the specs for the HTENS machine?

A

M: CO
F: 80-120hz
PD:

18
Q

What are the specs for the LTENS machine?

A 
M: Bursts (I/II)
F: 1-10hz
PD: >150 hz
RT: No rise time
DC: N/A
T: 40 mins
Tx: Pain Control
19
Q

What are the specs for the High Freq IFC?

A 
M:Target, sweep or static
F: 80-150hz
PD: N/A
RS: N/A
DC: N/A
T: 15-30 Mins
Tx: Pain & swelling
20
Q

What are the specs for the Low Freq IFC?

A 
M: Target, sweep or static
F: 1-10hz
PD: N/A
RS: N/A
DC: N/A
T: 30-40Mins
Tx: Pain & Swelling
21
Q

What is an US and what does it do?

A

US uses soundwaves to produce mechanical effects at the tissue level; can deliver thermal + non-thermal sound energy to the tissues.
The higher the freq - do not penetrate deeply
The lower the freq - penetrate more deeply

22
Q

For thermal US what is it typically for & what the therapeutic effects?

A

For Chronic.

For Reducing pain & decreasing swelling

23
Q

For non-thermal US what is it typically for & what are the therapeutic effects?

A

For Acute.

For reducing acute muscle or nerve pain & decreasing acute inflammation.

24
Q

What are the general indications for the US?

A
  1. Increased Pain.
  2. Increased Swelling.
  3. Decreased circulation
25
Q

What are the contraindications and precautions for the US?

A

C: DVT, TB, pregnancy (lowback).
P: Fractures & impaired communication & circulation

26
Q

If the client reports pain with US, look at!

A
  1. not enough gel
  2. no kept head moving
  3. head angle not within 15oC

PTA 2 (12 decks)

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