delirum n dementia def

Question 1

fecal impaction

Answer 1

dry; hard stool that will not pass out of the colon or rectum

Question 2

ABG

Answer 2

arterial blood gas ; list of nl values

Question 3

CAM

Answer 3

Confusion Assessment Method

Question 4

CAM used for

Answer 4

most widely used tools for diagnosing delirium.

Question 5

ophtalmoplegia/ other names/ def

Answer 5

Ophthalmoparesis =ophthalmoplegia /weakness (-paresis= paresse) or paralysis (-plegia) of one or more extraocular muscles =EOM

Question 6

*cerebellar signs/head to toe

Answer 6

HEENT

1. N_ystagm^us
2. Sc_anning sp^eech/

Msk

1. H_ypoto_nia
2. Fin^{ger to} nos^e test/
3. Rap_{id alte}rna_ting mov^ements/
4. He_{el to} shi^{n te}st/
5. G^ait

hint: serre la belle /zoo: nostradamus “catch her and put her in a cage , sex slave for the zoo animal”/weed: she is so high she does not talk like a lady at all: f**k me!!/wine: she carries the wine in an amphor: way too heavy, she is so light=> no tone!!/woomb: bubble above her head= nothing/arrow: she tries to hold it on her head w a finger so it does fall on her nose, go back and forth/ivy, she gets very excited about a guy=> clap hive in her hands/ then gets disappointed, back on hands on hips=>RAM/shoe on ther head: she is not very smart: she though that heel to shin was heel to chin and top of head/hook: she has a hook on her head so people can move her from place to place , she has a bad gait

Question 7

paraphasia/definition and ex.

Answer 7

production of u_nintended syllables; words; or phrases during the effort to speak

ex:”tevilision” for television/

neologistic/

another word is s^ubstituted for the tar^{get wo}rd

Question 8

fluent vs no fluent aphasia/

3 other synonyms for each of the aphasia

Answer 8

fluent= u can speak BUT problems understanding spoken and written language.

flu^ent= sen^sory= po_sterior = We^rnicke’s aphasia./

Non-fluent Aphasia: difficulty communicating orally + with written words.

N^on-fluent =mo_tor=an^terior=Broc^{a’s ap}hasia.

Question 9

*sensorium: clear vs clouded

Answer 9

=>clear sensorium

reas_onably accurate memory +

correct orientati_{on for ti}me; pl_{ace; an}d pe_rson.

=>Sensorium clouded otherwise

hint: good sensorium= Ox3

3 O= 3 oeufs=> marcher sur des oeufs

image= sensorium clear

Question 10

rapid plasma reagin/

used to test which dz

Answer 10

RPR =ra^pid plas^ma re^agin= screening test for s^yphilis

Question 11

*RPR In the context of dementia?

when does it present?

how does it present?

Answer 11

=>Y_ears after the initial infection;

=>in the fin_{al stag}es of the dz;

sx include d^ementia., b^lindness; nu_mbness; pa_ralysis;

hint: image “sx/ syphillis=famous phyllis/ ass sx 25 to 29

1. dementia., phyllis w nail on her head/ trou in head/ trou de memoire
2. blindness; nacho on head, lots of dust on her head and face and eyes=> can’t see a thing
3. numbness; nuk in her head/ head on fire and then does not feel anything when people knock on scalp
4. paralysis; knife , cut part of her brain w a knife as if it was a huge pasteque=> paralysis

Question 12

*pseudobulbar palsy/ definition

Answer 12

pathologic

la_ughing; c^rying; g_rimacⁱⁿg; and

w_eakness of the muscles ass w CN 5 7;9 ; 10; 11; and 12

hint: u need all these to produce these facial expression
image: “sx/ pseudo bulbar palsy” joker double face

1. laughing; crying; joker double face w a nail in the middle craking his face opened : 1 face laughs n the o cry
2. grimacing; nacho pwder in his face=> u can’t see the laughing or the crying face=> giant yellow grin
3. weakness of the muscles ass w CN 5 7;9 ; 10; 11; and 12, mini nook= weak, in the explosion u can see meat hook, axe, hinting horn, bat+ ball, 2 echasses, candle (1) made from goose(2) grease

Question 13

Scaⁿⁿing sp^eech / def

Answer 13

en_unciation of indi^vidual s^yllables:

“the British parliament” becomes “the Brit-tish Par-la-ment.”

Question 14

Nystagmus/

— phase towards ___ lesion

Answer 14

f_ast phase tow_ard side of ce^rebellar le^sion/

hint: nostradamus: u look toward the future

Question 15

*Finger to nose & finger to finger test/

abnormality is called..

Answer 15

d^ysmetria

hint:

finger to nose: not a good idea of the length= dys metria=>

end up in the eye

Question 16

Rapid alternating movements;

if abnormal; this is called

Answer 16

d_ysdiadoc^hokinesia

• hint: both hands= 10 doigt= dix= dia docho*
• march pas= dys=> dysdia docho*
• kinesia*

Question 17

*Hypotonia/PE findings

Answer 17

u do 1) and the rest follows

1) kn_{ee je}rk=>2)“pen^dular” kn^ee j^erk =leg keeps swinging after knee jerk 4+ times (=< nl)
hint: hypotonia sx

image/sx/ hypotonia

PE= touch viciously 14+ 40= touch a knee w a rose around a reflex hammer and turn the knee into gold , u give the knee momentum and it does not stop

Question 18

ROMBERG / not a sign of …but a sign of…

Answer 18

NOT A SIGN OF CEREBELLAR DISEASE/

is a sign of a disturbance of pr^oprioce_ption/

hint: romberg= round so u can’t feel where u are

Question 19

vascular dz & dementia/ischemia score/

definition

Answer 19

H_achins^ki Ischaemic Score (HIS) =clinical tool at “b^edsi^de” to differ the co^mmonest de^mentia types

hint vascular dz/ dementia , screening on the wall, crushing cheese== snow on helsinky

Question 20

fluid shifts/ definition

Answer 20

physiologic fluid shifting from the BVessel toward the interstitial space across an intact v_ascular bar^rier

contains only small # of proteins.

no interstitial edema if fluid is quantitatively managed by the lymphatic system.