Geology Rocks Flashcards
What is metamorphic rock?
Rocks underground that get heated so much they melt, turn into magma. Magma is liquid rock. Magma also comes from deeper inside the earth, from a region called the mantle.
How is extrusive igneous rock formed?
Pressure can force magma out of the ground. This creates a volcano. When the magma cools it turns into the solid rock which is extrusive igneous rock.
What is intrusive igneous rock?
Solid rock which forms when magma cools underground
State how sedimentary rock is created
Compaction and cementation presses the layers and sticks the particles together.
What is uplift?
Areas of rock move slowly upwards, pushed up by pressure of the rocks forming underneath.
Name the three types of weathering
Physical
Chemical
Biological
What is weathering?
The break down of rocks on the surface of the earth.
What is erosion?
When wind and water move the broken rock particles away.
Where do rivers and streams transport the broken rock particles which have been eroded to?
They are deposited in lakes and seas where they build up to form layers. This starts the process of sedimentation which will create sedimentary rock.
What is sedimentary rock?
Types of rock which are formed by the deposition of material at the earths surface.
What is chemical weathering?
The erosion of rocks caused by chemical reactions such as rainwater which is slightly acidic.
What is physical weathering?
When rocks break apart without changing their chemical composition eg changes in the movement of the earth, warm temperatures, water and ice.
What is biological weathering?
The weakening of rock by plants, animals and microbes.
