0312 - Consequences of Obesity

Question 1

What impact does obesity have on life expectancy among non-smokers?

Answer 1

Among non-smokers
Overweight females - 3.3yrs, males 3.1yrs
Obese females - 7.1yrs, Males 5.8 years

Question 2

What impact does obesity have on life expectancy among smokers?

Answer 2

Obese Females - 7.2yrs, males 6.7yrs (c.f. lean smokers)

Obese females - 13.3yrs, males 13.7yrs (c.f. lean non-smokers)

Question 3

What are the criteria for defining metabolic syndrome?

Answer 3

3 of the following 5
Waist circumference (men >94cm, Women >80cm)
Triglycerides (>1.7mmol/L)
Low HDL (Men less than 1, women less than 1.3)
BP >130 or >85
Fasting Glucose >5.6

Question 4

What is metabolic syndrome?

Answer 4

Disease of insulin resistance (and hyperinsulinaemia), characterised by central adiposity and increased waist circumference. Elevated inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, TNF-alpha).
Everything that’s bad - glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, hyperuricaemia, coagulation defects, microalbuminuria and low adiponectin.

Question 5

What are some clinical syndromes associated with metabolic syndrome?

Answer 5

T2DM, gestational diabetes
Essential hypertension
Cardiovascular disease (stroke/IHD/PVD)
PCOS
NAFLD
Gout

Question 6

Name some conditions associated with obesity

Answer 6

Cardiovascular disease
Obstructive sleep apnoea
Reflux
Higher malignancy rates
Obstetric risks