Chapter 3 Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
acetabul/o
A
acetabulum
2
Q
metacarp/o
A
metacarpals
3
Q
ankyl/o
A
stiff
4
Q
metatars/o
A
metatarsals
5
Q
arthr/o
A
joint
6
Q
my/o
A
muscle
7
Q
articul/o
A
joint
8
Q
myel/o
A
bone marrow; spinal cord
9
Q
burs/o
A
bursa
10
Q
myos/o
A
muscle
11
Q
calc/o
A
calcium
12
Q
necr/o
A
death
13
Q
calcane/o
A
calcaneus
14
Q
olecran/o
A
olecranon
15
Q
carp/o
A
carpus
16
Q
orth/o
A
bone
17
Q
chondr/o
A
cartilage
18
Q
oss/e; oss/i
A
bone
19
Q
clavicul/o
A
clavicle
20
Q
pariet/o
A
side
21
Q
cost/o
A
rib
22
Q
oste/o
A
bone
23
Q
costal/o
A
rib
24
Q
patell/o
A
patella
25
crani/o
skull
26
ped/o
child; foot
27
dactyl/o
toes; digits
28
pelv/i
pelvis; pelvic bone; hip
29
erg/o
work
30
perone/o
fibula
31
fasci/o; fasc/i
fascia
32
phalang/o
phalanges; digits
33
femor/o
femur
34
pub/o
pubis
35
fibros/o
fibrous connective tissue
36
radi/o
radius; x-ray
37
fibul/o
fibula
38
rhabdomy/o
striated (skeletal) muscle
39
hem/o
blood
40
rheumat/o
watery flow
41
hemat/o
blood
42
sacr/o
sacrum
43
humer/o
humerus
44
sarc/o
connective tissue (flesh)
45
hydr/o
fluid; water
46
scapula/o
scapula
47
ili/o
ilium
48
sphen/o
wedge
49
isch/o
ischium
50
spondyl/o
vertebra
51
kinesi/o
movement
52
stern/o
sternum
53
kyph/o
humpback; bent; hump
54
synov/o
synovial membrane; tendon sheath
55
lacrim/o
tear; tear duct
56
tars/o
tarsus
57
lamin/o
lamina
58
ten/o
tendon
59
leiomy/o
smooth (visceral) muscle
60
tendin/o
tendon
61
ligament/o
ligament
62
tibi/o
tibia
63
lord/o
curve; swayback; bent backward
64
ton/o
tension
65
malleol/o
malleolus
66
uln/o
ulna
67
mandibul/o
mandible; lower jaw
68
vertebr/o
vertebra
69
maxilla/o
maxilla; upper jaw
70
hyper-
above; excessive
71
a-, an-
no; not; without
72
hypo-
deficient; below; under; less than normal
73
ab-
away from
74
inter-
between
75
ad-
toward
76
meta-
change; beyond
77
amph-
around; on both sides; doubly
78
pan-
all
79
anti-
against
80
peri-
surrounding; around
81
de-
lack of; down; less; removal of
82
poly-
many; much
83
dia-
through; complete
84
sub-
under; below
85
dys-
bad; painful; difficult; abnormal
86
supra-
above; upper
87
electro-
electricity
88
sym-
together; with
89
endo-
in; within
90
syn-
together; with
91
epi-
above; upon; on
92
-ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -eal, -ic, -ous
pertainingto
93
-oma
tumor; mass; fluid collection
94
-algia
pain
95
-osis
abnormal condition
96
-blast
immature; embryonic
97
-pathy
disease condition
98
-centesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid
99
-pexy
surgical fixation; to put in place
100
-clast
to break
101
-physis
to grow
102
-cyte
cell
103
-plasia
development; formation; growth
104
-desis
surgical fixation; to bind; tie together
105
-plasty
surgical repair
106
-dynia
pain
107
-poiesis
formation
108
-ectomy
removal; excision; resection
109
-porosis
condition of pores (spaces)
110
-emia
blood condition
111
-rrhaphy
suture
112
-fication
process of making
113
-sclerosis
hardening
114
-genesis
producing; forming
115
-scopy
visual examination
116
-graphy
process of recording
117
-tome
instrument to cut
118
-ion
process
119
-tomy
process of cutting; incision
120
-itis
inflammation
121
-therapy
treatment
122
-kinesis
movement
123
-trophy
development; nourishment
124
-malacia
softening
125
-y
condition
126
-metry
measurement
127
AAHA
American Animal Hospital Association
128
Ortho
Orthopedic or Orthopedic Procedure
129
ACL
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
130
PDR
Physician's Desk Reference
131
AVMA
American Veterinary Medical Association
132
PROM
Passive Range of Motion
133
Bilat.
Bilateral
134
R (in circle)
Right
135
CAR
Congenital Articular Rigidity
136
ROM
Range of Motion
137
CCL; CrCL
Cranial Cruciate Ligament
138
RVT
Registered Veterinary Technician
139
CVT
Certified Veterinary Technician
140
THR
Total Hip Replacement
141
DVM
Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
142
TPLO
Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy
143
EMG
Electromyogram
144
TPO
Triple Pelvic Osteotomy
145
L (in circle)
Left
146
TTA
Tibial Tuberosity Advancement
147
LVT
Licensed Veterinary Technician
148
VPB
Veterinary Pharmaceuticals and Biologicals
149
NAVTA
National Association of Veterinary Technicians of America
150
Osseous Tissue
Bone Tissue
151
Ossification
Bone formation
152
Osteoblast
Bone cell that forms bone tissue (immature bone cell)
153
Osteoclast
Bone cell that absorbs & removes bone tissue (phagocyte of bone)
154
Osteocyte
Bone cell
155
Calcium
Combines w/ phosphorus to form hard material in bones and teeth
156
Articular cartilage
Thin layer of cartilage covering the surface of bones at a joint
157
Cancellous bone
Spongy or porous bone found at the ends of long bones & inner portions of long bones
158
Collagen
Structural protein making up the white fibrous strands found in bone
159
Compact bone
Hard, dense, bone tissue that forms the outer layer of bone (cortical bone)
160
Diaphysis
Shaft of a long bone
161
Endosteum
Inner lining of bone
162
Epiphyseal plate
Cartilaginous region of long bones where lengthwise growth occurs (growth plate)
163
Physis
Growth plate
164
Epiphysis
Each end of a long bone, made of cancellous bone & cover w/ articular cartilage
165
Medullary cavity
Central, hollowed out portion in the shaft of a long bone that contains yellow bone marrow
166
Metaphysis
Flared portion of a long bone between the epiphyseal plate & diaphysis
167
Periosteum
Membrane surrounding bone, contains blood vessels & nerves
168
Red bone marrow
In cancellous bone, site of hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)
169
Yellow bone marrow
In the diaphysis of bone, consists of fatty tissue
170
Long Bones
Longer than they are wide, ie. femur
171
Short Bones
Cuboidal (cube shaped), ie. carpals
172
Flat Bones
Two sheets of compact bone that allow for protection, are flat & thin, ie. scapula
173
Sesamoid Bones
Small bones that are embedded in tendons, sesame seed shaped, ie. patella
174
Irregular Bones
Don't fit in any other category, ie. vertebrae
175
Acetabulum
cup-like depression in pelvis that makes the hip joint
176
Bone Head
rounded articular process separated from the shaft by a neck
177
Condyle
knuckle-like projections at the distal end of some long bones
178
Crest
high projection or border projection of a bone
179
Foramen
hole in bone that allows for the passage of nerves & vessels
180
Fossa
shallow cavity or depression in bone
181
Groove
narrow, linear depression (sulcus)
182
Olecranon
bony process at the proximal end of the ulna
183
Sinus
hollow space or cavity in bone
184
Trochanter
large, blunt, roughened process on the femur for attachment of muscles & tendons
185
Tubercle
rounded process on bones for attachment of muscles & tendons
186
Tuberosity
small roughened process on bones for attachment of muscles & tendons
187
Calcaneus
one of the tarsal bones that sits in the back of the tarsus (ankle bone)
188
Vertebral Formula for Dogs/Cats
C7 T13 L7 S3(fused) Ca(Cy) 3-24
189
Vertebral Formula for Horses
C7 T18 L6 S5(fused) Ca(Cy)15-21
190
Os penis
Bone in penis of some carnivores
191
Os rostri
Bone in the nose of pigs
192
Os cordis
Bone found in the heart of ruminants
193
Achondroplasia
Hereditary condition in which bones & cartilage of limbs don't grow to normal size
194
Amputation
Removal of a limb or other appendage
195
Calcification
Deposit of calcium salts in tissue
196
Callus
Bone deposit formed at the ends of bone fracture, is absorbed as fracture is repaired & replaced by bone
197
Chemonucleolysis
dissolving a portion of the center of an IVD to treat herniated disk
198
Crepitation
crackling sounds produced by grating of broken bones (crepitus)
199
Decalcification
loss of calcium in bone and teeth
200
Dislocation
displacement of bone form its joint
201
Fracture
sudden breaking of bone
202
Herniation ofIVD
abnormal protrusion of an IVD into neural cavity or spinal nerves
203
Immobilization
act of preventing a bone from being moved (sutures, bandages, casts)
204
Kyphosis
abnormal, increased, dorsal curvature of spine (hunchback)
205
Laminectomy
removal of part of vertebral arch to relieve pressure from a ruptured IVD
206
Lordosis
downward/ventral curvature of the lumbar spine (swayback)
207
Orthopedic
branch of surgery dealing w/ skeletal system
208
Osteoporosis
decreased bone density due to loss of bone tissue
| bones become porous & fragile, can break easily
209
Reduction
correction of fracture
210
Sequestrum
piece of dead bone tissue that has separated from healthy bone during necrosis
211
synarthroses joint
joints joined together by a suture (bones of skull)
212
amphiarthroses joint
joints that allow for limited movement (vertebrae)
213
diarthroses (synovial) joints
joints w/ varying degrees of movement (hip, elbow, shoulder, hock, etc)
214
enarthoses or spheroid joint
ball & socket, rounded head of one bone fits into socket of another (hip, shoulder)
215
arthrodial joints
gliding, joint surfaces are flat allowing for gliding motion (carpus)
216
ginglymus joints
hinge, joint allows for movement in one plane (elbow, stifle)
217
trochoid joints
pivot, pulley-shaped or pivot-like joints (atlanto-axial joint in neck)
218
saddle joints
only in humans/primates, surface of both bones are concave in one plane and convex in the other (thumb)
219
Articulation
where two or more bones come together (joint)
220
Bursa
sac of fluid near a joint that acts as lubrication to ease friction between tissues, bones & ligaments
221
Ligament
connective tissue binds bone to bone
222
Synovial cavity
space between bones at a synovial joint, contains synovial fluid
223
Synovial fluid
viscous fluid within synovial cavity that acts as lubrication between bones
224
Synovial joint
freely movable joint (diarthrosis)
225
Synovial membrane
membrane lining synovial cavity that produces synovial fluid
226
Tendon
connective tissue that binds muscle to bone
227
Anterior drawer sign
cranial movement of proximal tibia in relation to distal femur, check for CCL damage in sifle
228
Congenital articular rigidity (CAR)
condition from birth in which joint of limbs are fixed in position
229
Extra capsular technique (extra cap)
technique using nonabsorbent suture to replace the cranial cruciate ligament
230
Gait
Manner of walking
231
Gout
inflammation of a joint due to increase in uric acid crystals
232
Lame; lameness
incapable of normal locomotion
233
Luxation
displacement of a bone from its joint (dislocation)
234
Pannus
inflammatory fluid overlying synovial cells, seen in rheumatoid arthritis
235
Rheumatoid arthritis
inflammation of joints due to autoimmune disease
236
Subluxation
partial displacement of a bone from its joint
237
Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO)
Procedure that changes slope of tibial plateau to help stabilize stifle after tearing the CCL
238
Tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA)
procedure to advance tibial tuberosity to stabilize stifle after tearing CCL
239
Total hip replacement (THR)
replacement of femoral head & acetabulum to correct hip dysplasia
240
Triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO)
procedure in which pelvis is cut in 3 places to change angle the acetabulum meets the femoral head to correct hip dysplasia
241
abduction
movement away from the midline of the body
242
adduction
movement toward the midline of the body
243
dorsiflexsion
backward bending (flexion)
244
extension
increasing the angle between two bones at a joint
245
flexion
decreasing the angle between two bones at a joint
246
pronation
act of turning the palmar or plantar surface downward
247
supination
act of turning the palmar or plantar surface upward
248
rotation
circular movement that turns a body part around an axis
249
adhesion
fibrous band that connects two surfaces that are normally separate, results from scar tissue forming around incisions
250
ambulatory
able to walk
251
atrophy
no development due to a decrease from the normal cell size
252
hyperplasia
increased development due to an increase in cell numbers
253
laxity
looseness
254
myasthenia
muscle weekness
255
myasthesnia gravis
syndrome of muscular weakness that is aggravated by activity & relieved by rest
256
myoclonus
repetitive contractions of skeletal muscles that persist during sleep
257
myotonia
disorder in which there's a delayed relaxation of muscle after contraction
258
tenosynovitis
inflammation of tendon & tendon sheath
259
tetany
continuous muscle spasms or twitching
260
tonus
muscle tone; balanced muscle tension
