Chapter 12 Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
I. Olfactory nerve
A
Smell
2
Q
Alges/o
A
Sensitivity to pain
3
Q
II. Optic nerve
A
Vision
4
Q
Arachn/o
A
Arachnoid Membrane
5
Q
III. Oculomotor nerve
A
Movement of eyes
6
Q
Astr/o
A
Star
7
Q
IV. Trochlear nerve
A
Movement of eyes
8
Q
Ax/o
A
Axis; Main Stem
9
Q
V. Trigeminal nerve
A
Based on its name, this nerve has three branches:
Ophthalmic- Corneal Senses
Maxillary- Upper jaw movement\
Mandibular- Upper jaw movement
10
Q
Caus/o
A
Burning
11
Q
VI. Abducent nerve
A
Movement of eyes
12
Q
Caust/o
A
Burning
13
Q
VII. Facial nerve
A
Movement of face
14
Q
Cephal/o
A
Head
15
Q
VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve
A
Hearing and balance
16
Q
Cerebell/o
A
Cerebellum
17
Q
IX. Glossopharyngeal nerve
A
Tongue taste
Throat movement
18
Q
Cerebr/o
A
Cerebrum
19
Q
X. Vagus nerve
A
Throat
Voice box
Chest movement
Abdominal sensations
20
Q
Comat/o
A
Deep Sleep; Coma
21
Q
XI. Accessory nerve
A
Neck and shoulder movement
22
Q
Concuss/o
A
Shaken Together Violently
23
Q
XII. Hypoglossal nerve
A
Tongue movement
24
Q
Contus/o
A
Bruise
25
Hemat/o
Blood
26
Crani/o
Skull; Cranium
27
Hydr/o
Fluid; Water
28
Dendr/o
Dendrite
29
Kines/o
Movement
30
Dur/o
Dura Mater
31
Mening/o
Meninges
32
Electr/o
Electricity
33
Meningi/o
Meninges
34
Encephal/o
Brain
35
My/o
Muscle
36
Esthesi/o
Nervous Sensation
37
Myel/o
Spinal Cord; Bone Marrow
38
Gangli/o
Ganglion; Collection of Nerve Cell Bodies
39
Narc/o
Sleep; Stupor; Numbness
40
Ganglion/o
Ganglion; Collection of Nerve Cell Bodies
41
Neur/o
Nerve
42
Gli/o
Neuroglial Tissue; Glue
43
Plex/o
Plexus; Network of Nerves
44
Gyr/o
Folding
45
Pont/o
Pons
46
a-, an-
no; not; without
47
Radicul/o
Nerve Root
48
brady-
slow
49
Spin/o
Spine
50
cata-
down
51
Sulc/o
Groove
52
epi-
above; upon; on
53
Synaps/o
Synapse
54
hemi-
half
55
Synapt/o
Synapse
56
hyper-
increased; excessive; above
57
Syncop/o
To Cut Off; Cut Short; Fainting
58
hypo-
deficient; below; under; less than normal
59
Tax/o
Coordination; Order
60
micro-
small
61
Thalam/o
Thalamus
62
mono-
one
63
Thec/o
Sheath
64
oligo-
scanty
65
Vag/o
Vagus Nerve
66
par-
other than; abnormal
67
Vertebr/o
Vertebrae
68
para-
near; beside; abnormal; apart from; along the side of
69
inter-
between
70
polio-
grey matter
71
intra-
within; into
72
poly-
many; much
73
macro-
large
74
quadri-
four
75
-al, -ar, -ic
pertaining to
76
sub-
under; below
77
-algesia
sensitivity to pain
78
tetra-
four
79
-algia
pain
80
-lepsy
seizure
81
-cele
hernia
82
-malacia
softening
83
-cyte
cell
84
-oma
tumor; mass; collection of fluid
85
-ectomy
removal; excision; resection
86
-ose
pertaining to; full of; sugar
87
-esthesia
nervous sensaation
88
-paresis
slight paralysis
89
-graphy
process of recording
90
-pathy
disease condition
91
-ia
condition
92
-plasia
development; formation; growth
93
-itis
inflammation
94
-plegia
paralysis; palsy
95
-kinesia
movement
96
-rrhaphy
suture
97
-kinesis
movement
98
-sthenia
strength
99
-kinetic
movement
100
-tomy
incision; process of cutting
101
-y
condition; process
102
ANS
Autonomic Nervous System
103
ICP
Intracranial Pressure
104
BBB
Blood Brain Barrier
105
LP
Lumbar Puncture
106
BSE
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease)
107
MG
Myasthenia Gravis
108
CAE
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus
109
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
110
CNS
Central Nervous System
111
PEM
Polioencephalomalacia
112
CSF
Cerebrospinal Fluid
113
PET
Positron Emission Tomography
114
CT
Computed Tomography
115
PNS
Peripheral Nervous System
116
CVA
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
117
Sz
Seizure
118
EEG
Electroencephalogram
119
TEME
Thromboembolic Meningoencephalitis
120
Cat Scan
Computed Tomography
121
TME
Thromboembolic Meningoencepalitis
122
Autonomic nervous system (ANS
nerves that control involuntary functions of muscles, glands and viscera
123
Arachnoid membrane
middle layer of the meninges
124
Axon
fiber that carries the nervous impulse along the nerve cell
125
Blood brain barrier (BBB)
capillaries that allow certain substances to enter the brain while keeping other substances out
126
Brainstem
consists of the pons, medulla oblongata, interbrain, and midbrain. connects brain to spinal cord
127
Cauda equina
nerve roots leaving the caudal end of the spinal cord
128
Cell body
portion of the nerve cell that contains the nucleus
129
Central nervous system (CNS)
brain and spinal cord
130
Cerebral cortex
outer section of the cerebrum
131
Cerebrum
largest part of the brain responsible for voluntary muscle movements, speech, vision, hearing, thought, memory, and taste
132
Cerebellum
second largest part of the brain; responsible for balance and coordination
133
Conscious
awake, alert, aware, responsive
134
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
fluid circulating throughout the brain and spinal cord
135
Dendrites
first part of the nerve cell to receive the stimulus
136
Dura mater
tough, outermost layer of the meninges
137
Ganglion (plural: ganglia)
collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system
138
Hippocampus
portion of the brain responsible for orientation and emotional responses
139
Hypothalamus
portion of the interbrain that controls the pituitary gland, body temp, emotions, sleep, thirst, and hunger
140
Innervation
supply of nerves to a part of the body
141
Medulla oblongata
stem-like structure of the brainstem connecting the brain to the spinal cord; responsible for breathing, heart function, and blood pressure
142
Meninges
three protective layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord
143
Motor nerves (efferent nerves)
nerves that carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord
144
Myelin sheath
protective, fatty tissue around the axon of a nerve cell
145
Nerve
macroscopic cord-like structure made up of nerve cells
146
Neuron
nerve cell
147
Neurotransmitter
chemical messenger released from a neuron to stimulate or inhibit another nerve or target cell
148
Parasympathetic nervous system
portion of autonomic nervous system responsible for normal body function; heart and respiratory rate
149
Peripheral nervous system
portion of nervous system consisting of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and autonomic nervous system
150
Pia mater
innermost, delicate layer of the meninges which adheres to the brain and spinal cord
151
Plexus
large, interlacing network of nerves; named based on their locations
152
Pons
contains nerve fibers that allow the cerebrum and cerebellum
153
Propioception
knowing where your limbs are in space
154
Sensory nerves (afferent)
nerves that carry impulses toward the brain and spinal cord
155
Sympathetic nervous system
portion of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the "fight or flight" response
156
Thalamus
relay point of the brain where sensory and motor impulses are received and then redirected to the appropriate part of the cerebrum
157
Ventricles of the brain
spaces in the interbrain that contains CSF
158
Aneurysm
localized widening of a blood vessel
159
Ataxia
lack of coordination
160
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
spongy degeneration of the brain and spinal cord causing ataxia, anorexia, aggression, and eventually death (mad cow)
161
Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE)
multisystem viral disease causing ataxia, paralysis, arthritis, and pneumonia
162
Cataplexy
idiopathic condition causing sudden loss of skeletal muscle function due to extreme excitement, sexual activity, or vigorous exercise
163
Cerebellar hypoplasia
degeneration or loss of cells in the cerebellum causing ataxia
164
Cerebrovascular accident
disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke
165
Concussion
violent shaking of the brain
166
Contusion
bruise; injury to tissue w/o breaking the skin
167
Contraindication
any condition that renders a particular treatment undesirable
168
Epilepsy
idiopathic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures
169
Horner's syndrome
neurological disorder caused by paralysis of the cervical sympathetic nerve supply
170
Hydrocephalus
abnormal accumulation of CSF in the ventricles of the brain (water on the brain)
171
Lethargy
condition of drowsiness or indifference
172
Myasthenia gravis
neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of the skeletal muscles
173
Narcolepsy
condition causing sudden, uncontrollable sleep episodes
174
Palliative
relieving symptoms, but not curing
175
paralysis (palsy)
loss of motor function; may be partial or complete
176
Seizure
sudden, involuntary contractions of voluntary muscles
177
Spasticity
increased muscle tone
178
Spina bifida
congenital anomaly in which the spinal canal fails to close around the spinal cord
179
Stupor
partial unconsciousness and decreased response to stimuli
180
Syncope
fainting or temporary loss of consciousness
181
Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis (TEME)
systemic disease in cattle causing blindness, weakness, ataxia recumbency and eventually death
182
Tremor
repetitive twitching of skeletal muscle
183
Vestibular disease
idiopathic neurological disorder characterized by head tilt, circling, and rapid back-and-forth movement of the eyes
184
Epidural space
space above the dura mater
185
Subdural space
space below the dura mater
186
Subarachnoid space
space below the arachnoid membrane where cerebrospinal fluid can be found
187
Nodes of Ranvier
gaps between layers of myelin along the axon
188
Synapse
space between neurons in which the nervous impulse passes
189
Terminal end fibers
distal portion of the neuron where the impulse leaves the cell
190
Astroglial cells (astrocytes)
cells that transport electrolytes and water between capillaries and neurons of the brain to form BBB; shaped like stars
191
Microglial cells
phagocytic cells which protect the nervous system from infection
192
Oligodendroglial cells
cells that form the myelin around the axon of the nerve cell
193
Ependymal cells
cells that line the ventricles of the brain and surround the spinal cord, produce CSF
194
Schwann cells
dual-action cells that form myelin around the axon and act as phagocytes against foreign organisms
