Cardiovascular Development

Question 1

angioblastic tissue

Answer 1

arises from mesenchyme, an aggregation of cells derived from the mesoderm

forms the cardiovascular system

Question 2

angiogenesis

Answer 2

the formation of blood vessels

Question 3

cardiogenic field

Answer 3

horseshoe-shaped structure located around the cranial and lateral portions of the neral plate

area of blood forming cavaties in the visceral mesoderm where the primitive heart, blood vessels and blood cells will form

Question 4

hemangioblasts

Answer 4

multipotent stem cell that can differentiate into both hematopoietic and endothelial cells

Question 5

endocardial heart tubes

Answer 5

derived from the visceral mesoderm and gives rise to the heart and the dorsal and ventral aortas

Question 6

cardiac tube

Answer 6

formed from the caudal endocardial heart tube, which is first composed of only endothelial cells, when it becomes surrouded by myoblasts to form the myocardium

Question 7

aortic arches

Answer 7

series of six paired embryological vascular structures which give rise to several major arteries

Question 8

blood islands

Answer 8

structures around the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system

Question 9

truncus arteriosus

Answer 9

arterial trunk that originates from both ventricles of the heart that later divides into aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 10

aorto-pulmonary septum

Answer 10

spiral septum ensures that blood from the right ventricle flows into the pulmonary trunk and blood from left ventricle flows into the ascending aorta

Question 11

transposition of the great vessels

Answer 11

deoxygenated blood from right ventricle flows into the ascending aorta and the highly oxygenated blood from the left ventricle flows into the pulmonary trunk

Question 12

ductus venosus

Answer 12

shunts a portion of the left umbilical venous blood flow directly to the caudal vena cava allowing oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver which is not very functional

Question 13

ductus arteriosus

Answer 13

vessel connecting the pumonary artery to the proximal descending aorta

allows most blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus’s fluid-filled non-functioning lungs

Question 14

atrial septal defect

Answer 14

persistant foramen ovale

leads to lower than normal oxygen levels in the arterial blood that supplies the brain, organs, and tissues

Question 15

patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 15

ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth

allows a portion of the oxygenated blood from the left heart to flow back to the lungs by flowing from the aorta to the pulmonary artery

the additional fluid returning to the lungs inreases lung pressure and may lead to congestive heart failure

Question 16

persistent right aortic arch

Answer 16

right aortic arch does not dissappear and results in constriction of the esophageus between it and the heart