Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microscopic Anatomy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Enamel produced by tall columnar cells called….

A

ameloblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

dentin produced by…

A

odontoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cementum produced by

A

cementoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

tooth pulp composed of

A

loose CT and nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

in the tooth fibroblasts form the

A

periodontal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4 coats/tunics of digestive organs

A

Mucosa
Submucosa (+/-)
Muscularis
Serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 3 sections is the mucosa broken up into?

A

Inner epithelium
Middle lamina propria
Thin outer muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The _____________ is a thin layer of loose connective tissue, or dense irregular connective tissue, which lies beneath the epithelium and together with the epithelium constitutes the mucosa.

A

lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The ____________ is a thin layer of muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, located outside the ___________ and separating it from the submucosa.

A

lamina muscularis mucosae

lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

____________ is a serous membrane: peritoneum, pleura

Always lined by MESOTHELIUM

A

Tunica Serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This layer has looser connective tissue than in lamina propria, facilitates motility of the mucosa, and may contain glands, vessels, a nerve plexus, and lymphatic nodules

A

Tunica submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The _____________ (or ___________) provides motor innervation to both layers of the _____________, having both parasympathetic and sympathetic input.

A 
myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus)
tunica muscularis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The enteric plexus control the _______ and _____________ of the organ

A

glands and smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T. Serosa = ____________ + loose connective tissue +/- adipose tissue

A

MESOTHELIUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T. Adventitia =________________ only

A

loose/dense

connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The_____________ is continuous with mesentery, omentum, pleura.

A

tunica serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Most of the esophagus has an outer layer of tunica adventitia composed of ______ connective tissue without mesothelium.

A

loose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mucous membrane in stomach can be non-glandular or ___________ or glandular lined by ____________________

A

cutaneous

simple columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

junction between glandular and non-glandular stomach in equine

A

margo plicatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Increased surface with stratified squamous epithelium with ______________ enhance passive absorption of Volatile Fatty Acids in rumen.

A

desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The reticulum’s proventricles are lined with _________________epithelium

A

Stratified

Squamous keratinized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

______________ are invaginations of the lining epithelium in the stomach

A

Gastric pits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The ___________ regiona of the stomach is composed mostly of mucous glands

A

Cardiac region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The _________ region is composed mainly of proper gastric glands (________ and ________ cells)

A

Fundic

parietal and chief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cardiac Gland Region - near esophageal stomach junction composed mainly of ___________ and few parietal cells

A

mucous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What type of cells are in the gastric pits of the fundic region, and what do they secrete?

A

parietal (secrete hydrochloric acid)

chief cells/peptic (produce pepsinogen)

27
Q

Pyloric Region has _______ glands and _____ cells that produce the GI hormone _______

A

mucous
G cells
gastrin

28
Q

CHIEF/ PEPTIC cells are _____philic, secrete _____________ in adult, and ___________ (also known as rennin in ruminants) in infants (function is to curdle the milk).
This allows further digestion along the intestine.

A

basophilic
PEPSINOGEN
CHYMOSIN

29
Q

PARIETAL cells are_____philic, secrete _____ and _______ needed for vitamin B12 absorption vitamin

A

HCl and intrinsic factor

30
Q

These cells are large, round,
have an extensive eosinophilic (acidophilic) cytoplasm
and centrally located nucleus.

A

Parietal cells

31
Q

______ cells, also called ______ cells, and zymogenic cells are basophilic (blue) with granular
cytoplasm and dense basally located nuclei.

A

Chief cells

peptic cells

32
Q

A _________ is a glandular, modified simple columnar epithelial cell whose function is to secrete gel-forming mucins, the major components of mucus. More numerous further down the GI tract starting in the small intestines.

A

goblet cell

33
Q

________ X _______ X _________ = Increased absorptive area

A

Plica circularis X Villi X Microvilli

34
Q

Villi are confined to the small

intestine. At the base of the villi are the ______________, corresponding to invaginations of the lining epithelium.

A

crypts of Lieberkühn

35
Q

___________ (or duodenal glands) are compound tubular submucosal glands found in the duodenum. The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion (containing bicarbonate)

A

Brunner’s glands

36
Q

________ are blind-ended lymphatic vessels in intestinal villi. The ______ found in
these structures is filtered through intestinal lymph nodes before ultimately reentering the blood at the jugular veins

A

Lacteals

chyle

37
Q

___________ are aggregations of lymphoid nodules present in the lamina propria and submucosa of the small intestine.

Seen in distal _______
and ______, but varies
according to species.

A

Peyer’s patches
jejunum
ileum

38
Q

Absorptive cells in intestinal epithelium

A

enterocytes

39
Q

__________ are found throughout the small intestine just below the crypts of Lieberkühn with large eosinophilic refractile granules that consist of several anti-microbial compounds and other compounds that are known to be important in immunity and host-defense

A

Paneth cells

40
Q

____________ also known as ___________ and/or argentaffin; primarily localized in crypts, produce gastrointestinal hormones or peptides in response to various stimuli and release them into the bloodstream for systemic effect.

A

Enteroendocrine cells

enterochromaffin

41
Q

Pigs and horses have flat bands called __________, composed of smooth muscle and elastic
fibers

A

taenia coli

42
Q

The ____________ has both villi and intestinal glands also

known as crypts of Lieberkühn

A

Small intestine

43
Q

The___________ there are no villi, surface is smooth, only

crypts of Lieberkühn are present

A

Large intestine

44
Q

The __________ has Brunner’s glands in tunica submucosa

A

Duodenum

45
Q

________________are present in pigs and dogs. These glands are located in the submucosa and muscularis of the anal canal

A

Tubuloacinar anal glands

46
Q

Present in the subcutis around the anus in dogs. Composed of sebaceous glands in the upper portion and nonsebaceous glands in the lower portion

A

circumanal glands

47
Q

Major salivary glands:

A

parotid
sublingual
submandibular

48
Q

Minor are intramural:

A 
lingual
palatal
labial
buccal
zygomatic (carnivores)
molar (cats)
49
Q

Predominantly mucous secreting gland

A

salivary gland

50
Q

_____________ is the functional unit in salivary glands, and are secretory subunits of lobules. They consist of all the secretory cells that release their products into a single _____________.

A

Adenomere

intralobular duct

51
Q

Liver sinusoids have a unique ___________

A

DUAL BLOOD SUPPLY

52
Q

Each lobe of the liver is covered by __________ located over a connective tissue layer, known as the _____________________

A

mesothelium

capsule of Glisson

53
Q

_______ is an exocrine secretion of the liver; important in the digestion of lipids

A

Bile

54
Q

What are the 2 poles of a hepatocyte

A

bile pole

vascular pole

55
Q

____________ is a thin tube that collects bile secreted by hepatocytes. These merge and form bile ductules, which eventually become common hepatic duct.

A

Bile canaliculus

56
Q

Fenestrated capillary (without diaphragms, do not have basal lamina): Proteins synthesized by liver cells need to get into the blood via the ___________

A

Hepatic sinusoid

57
Q

The ________________ is a location in the liver between a hepatocyte and a sinusoid. It contains the blood plasma. Microvilli of hepatocytes extend into this space, allowing proteins and other plasma components from the sinusoids to be absorbed by the hepatocytes

A

space of disse

58
Q

Lipids and carbohydrates are stored in the liver in the form of __________ and ____________

A

triglycerides

glycogen

59
Q

Liver macrophages

A

Kupffer cells

60
Q

__________ is a componant of the hepatic lobule and consists of a branch of the hepatic artery, branch of the portal vein, and bile ductules are seen at the edges

A

portal triads

61
Q

The __________ is the functional unit of the liver and is roughly divided into zones that correspond to distance from the _________________.

A

hepatic acinus

arterial blood supply

62
Q

Pancreas resembles a serous salivary parotid gland, from which it differs in that:

  1. ____________________
  2. _____________________
  3. ______________________
A
  1. Pancreas has no striated ducts
  2. The duct system in pancreas is less developed
  3. Pancreas has endocrine pancreatic islets of Langerhans.
63
Q

_____________, the secretory cell of the pancreas, contains _______________ granules

A

Pancreatic Acinar Cell

orange zymogen granules

64
Q

What is the endocrine cell of the pancrease?

A

Islet of Langerhans

Microscopic Anatomy (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions