Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Describe sexual reproduction.

A
  • requires 2 parents
  • offspring are genetically different to parent
  • variety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A 
"IPMAT"
Interphase
Prophase 
Metaphase 
Anaphase
Telophase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are gonads?

A

Reproductive organs.

ie. testicles, ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are gametes?

A

Specialized sex cells produced by gonads.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the difference between somatic and gamete cells?

A

Somatic = diploid = 46c
Gamete = haploid = 23c
*because gametes join w/ each other, only have 1/2 the chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe asexual reproduction.

A
  • involves only 1 parent
  • offspring are genetically identical to parent
  • no variation, except by mutation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is meiosis?

A

A series of stages that creates 4 haploid cells from one parent diploid cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is abnormal meiosis?

A

Abnormal meiosis occurs when chromosomes fail to separate properly (non-disjunction). Resulting from gametes with too many or too few chromosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is “trisomy”?

A

When an egg or sperm contains an extra chromosome, thus the fertilized egg has an extra chromosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What genetic disorders can result from an extra chromosome in a cell?

A
  • Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)
  • Trisomy 18 (Edward’s Syndrome)
  • Trisomy 23 (XXX - Triple X female)
  • Kleinfelter’s Syndrome (XXY)
  • Jacob’s Syndrome (XYY)
  • Polyploidy (4n)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is monosomy?

A

When a single chromosome is present for a homologous pair.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What genetic disorders can result from the loss of a chromosome in a cell?

A
  • Turner’s Syndrome

- loss of even one autosome means death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

Expressed trait.

ie. Aa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

Trait only expressed if dominant allele isn’t present.

ie. aa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The genetic makeup of an organism (what alleles are present).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The physical expression of the trait (what it looks like).

17
Q

What are homozygous alleles?

A

Two alleles that are the same.

18
Q

What are heterozygous alleles?

A

Two alleles that are different.

19
Q

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?

A
  • not as energy intensive
  • no other members required so works with solitary individuals
  • quick - many offspring
  • if it works, no need to modify
20
Q

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?

A

-brings variety to the species and flexibility for adaption

21
Q

What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

A

-no variety as protection against changes

22
Q

What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

A
  • need a partner
  • energy intensive - produce specialized sex cells
  • behavioural and physical characteristics for breeding that put organisms at risk
23
Q

What are methods of asexual reproduction?

A

-binary fission
-budding
-fragmentation (mushrooms)
ALL KINGDOMS

24
Q

What are methods of sexual reproduction?

A

-conjugation
-external fertilization
-internal fertilization
-plants - pollen and egg - seeds
-animals - sperm and egg - egg/live birth
ALL KINGDOMS

25
Q

What are the two stages involved to produce 2 “new” cells from 1 old cell?

A

1) Mitosis: replication and division of the nuclear information (chromosomes)
2) Cytokinesis: division of organelles and cytoplasm

26
Q

What is the importance of cell division?

A
  • to replace old, dead or damaged cells
  • to repair damaged tissues
  • for growth of a multicellular organism
  • to maintain the same number of chromosomes from cell to cell
27
Q

What are autosomes?

A

Homologous chromosomes that do NOT carry genes determining the sex of an organism.

28
Q

What is incomplete dominance?

A

When a blend of both alleles is expressed.

ie. white and red colour = pink flowers

29
Q

What is codominance?

A

When two dominant alleles are expressed at the same time. ie. black and tan fur = tabby cat

30
Q

What are some human sex-linked traits (X-linked traits)?

A
  • Colour blindness (recessive)
  • Hemophilia (recessive)
  • Optic Trophy
  • Juvenile Glaucoma
  • Myopia
31
Q

What can DNA extraction be used for?

A
  • identifying genetic disorders
  • genetic modification of plants
  • genetic engineering of animals

Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions