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Biology > Biodiversity > Flashcards

Biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the importance of biodiversity?

A

Each species is part of a greater whole - if we remove one, there is a ripple effect.

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2
Q

What does biodiversity provide?

A
  • food for other organisms
  • recycled nutrients (mold, bacteria)
  • protection (forests & ecosystems)
  • transportation (pollen)
  • reproduction
  • digestion
  • hygiene
  • resistance
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3
Q

What are two types of diversity?

A

Genetic diversity (genes within a species) and Species diversity (quantity of species in an area)

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4
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The variety of living things on earth.

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5
Q

What are the evidences that organisms are related?

A
  • Evidence from anatomy
  • Evidence from development
  • Evidence from biochemistry
  • Evidence from DNA
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6
Q

Explain evidence from anatomy.

A

Share similar physical characteristics. ie. homologous features - limb bones

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7
Q

Explain evidence from development.

A

Share early stages of development.

ie. embryos are compared

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8
Q

Explain evidence from biochemistry.

A

Share physiology - how chemicals are processed in the body.

ie. protein molecules of different organisms compared.

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9
Q

Explain evidence from DNA.

A

Share DNA that measure the degree of relatedness.

ie. Mitochondrial DNA comparisons determine how long again two organisms diverged from each other.

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10
Q

Why is there great diversity within living things?

A

Different conditions

  • Water, climate, competition, seasons
  • Develop ways to meet their needs & ways to accomplish all the life processes within these conditions
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11
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

The science of classifying living and fossil species.

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12
Q

How do we characterize species?

A

-physical characteristics (morphology)
-niche in an ecosystem
-ways life processes are accomplished
(hot or cold blooded)
-evolutionary relatedness (phylogeny)
-genetics (similarities)

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13
Q

What are the origins of diversity? Why are living things different from eachother?

A

Genetic Variation and Natural Selection.

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14
Q

What is phylogeny?

A

The study of evolutionary relatedness between and among species.

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15
Q

What are the 7 main taxon groups?

A 
Kingdom
Philip
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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16
Q

What are the 6 kingdoms?

A 
Archaebacteria 
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
17
Q

Describe the Archaea kingdom.

A
  • Prokaryotes
  • Unicellular
  • Autotroph/Heterotroph
  • Live in extreme environments where others can’t live
  • ie. Hemophiles
18
Q

Describe the Bacteria kingdom.

A
  • prokaryotes
  • unicellular
  • autotroph/heterotroph
  • found almost everywhere (not always harmful)
  • ie. E.bola, E.coli
19
Q

Describe the Protista kingdom.

A
  • eukaryot
  • mostly unicellular, some multicellular
  • cellulose or no cell wall
  • aquatic or moist enivironments
  • autptroph/heterotroph
  • ie. amoeba, green algae
20
Q

Describe the Fungi kingdom.

A
  • Eukaryot
  • mostly multicellular
  • most are terrestrial
  • heterotroph
  • ie. mushroom, yeast, mold
21
Q

Describe the Plantae kingdom.

A
  • eukaryot
  • most are terrestrial
  • both
  • ie. moss, ferns, flowering plants
22
Q

Describe the Animalia kingdom.

A
  • multicellular
  • terrestrial and aquatic environments
  • heterotrophs
  • ie. elephants, sponges, insects
23
Q

Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

Prokaryotic cells:

  • archaebacteria, eubacteria
  • no nucleus
  • no organelles, except ribosomes
  • unicellular
  • microscopic

Eukaryotic cells:

  • protista, fungi, plantae, animalia
  • have a nucleus
  • lots of organelles
  • multicellular and unicellular
  • vary in size
24
Q

What are the three species concepts?

A
  • Morphological (physical appearance)
  • Biological (reproduction)
  • Phylogenetic (evolution)
25
Q

Describe the bacterium shapes and groupings.

A 
Coccus = round
Bacillus = rod-shaped
Spirillus = spiral
Mono = one
Diplo = pair
Strepto = chains
Staphylo = clusters
26
Q

How are prokaryotes useful?

A
  • decomposition
  • food (yogurt, cheese)
  • drugs (insulin production)
  • nitrogen fixation
27
Q

How are prokaryotes harmful?

A
  • pathogens (disease causing organisms)

ie. tuberculosis, syphillis, lyme

28
Q

What are the four subgroups of fungi?

A
  • Zygomycetes (spherical spores)
  • Ascomycetes (sac-like spores, bursts into air)
  • Basidomycetes (spores under caps of mushrooms)
  • Deuteromycetes (yeast, athlete’s foot)
29
Q

List the different phylums of kingdom Animalia.

A
  • porifera (sponge)
  • cnidaria (corals, hydras, jelly fish, sea-annemones)
  • platyhelminthes (tapeworms)
  • nematoda (roundworms)
  • annelida (earthworm)
  • arthropoda (spiders)
  • mollusca (crabs, slugs, octopus)
  • chordata (have spinal cord)
30
Q

Describe how fungi are a) helpful to the environment and b) useful to humans

A

a) Decomposers - consume dead organisms

b) Food and drug source

Biology (6 decks)

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