test 2 - Ornithobacterium

Question 1

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

Answer 1

• First described in 1994
• In different animals species

————- Chickens, turkeys, partridges, pheasants, pigeons, corvidae( crows etc)

• 18 serotypes
• Facultative pathogen

Question 2

O. Rhinotracheale Pathogenesis

Answer 2

• Not very well known
• Predisposing factors

————-Stress

————-Intercurrent respiratory infections

————-High density

————- Ventilation

————- Ammonia concentrations,..

• Nose and infraorbital sinus to trachea to airsac to Lung
• Sometimes pericarditis

Question 3

O. Rhinotracheale Symptoms

Answer 3

• Sneezing
• nose exudate
• Coughing
• Depression
• Swelling sinus
• Facial oedema
• Anorexia
• Dyspnea
• Mortality: low (1-3%)

Question 4

O. Rhinotracheale Diagnosis

Answer 4

• Bacterial culture
• Difficult

————- Slow growth

————- Freq overgrown by other bacteria

————-Needs CO2

• ELISA (but only the most prevalent serotype (A) included; no complete cross reaction between serotypes!)

Question 5

O. Rhinotracheale Treatment and Prevention

Answer 5

Treatment

• Antibiotics: care!

————- Natural resistance to suphonamides, pyrimidines and aminoglycosides

————-highprevalenceofacquiredresistance

• Prevention

————-Avoid predisposing factors

———————–Climate

———————– Correct vaccination scheme