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Italy 13 > 3a. Second War Of Indepedance > Flashcards

3a. Second War Of Indepedance Flashcards

1
Q

When was the national society founded

A

1857

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2
Q

Who was the national society founded by

A

Group of exited living in Piedmont including Giuseppe La Farina and Danielle Manin

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3
Q

How many members did the National society have by 1857

A

8000

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4
Q

How many volunteers did the National society provide for Cavour against Austria

A

20,000

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5
Q

Why did the National society suit Cavour/ why did he allow it to grow

A

Their type of nationalism was conservative/ was pragmatic rather than radical and ideological/ limited to concept of northern unification/ their nationalism became associated with political stability which Garabaldis wasn’t

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6
Q

What did the National society use their networks for

A

Nationalistic Propaganda and promotion

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7
Q

What were the aims of the National society

A

Promote the cause of national unity within Piedmont/ encourage nationalism along peninsula to accept Piedmont rule

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8
Q

What did Cavour want in terms of nationalism

A

A United northern Italian state, economically powerful and free from Austrian dominance

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9
Q

What was the name of the newspaper circulated by the National society

A

Il Piccola Corriere D’Italia

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10
Q

How many copies of Il Piccola Corriere D’Italia were circulating by the late 1850’s

A

4,000

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11
Q

What was the means through which the national society promoted nationalism

A

Pamphlets/ newspapers/ posters/ “modern” methods of persuasion/ handed pamphlets out publicly

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12
Q

What were the national society’s pamphlets printed in batches of

A

Bathes of 3000+ and distributed

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13
Q

Who said that “through their publishing activities, the national society played a crucial part in creating a common nationalistic outlook amongst its members”

A

Lucy Rial in her Bibliography of Garabaldi (2007)

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14
Q

What influence did the national society have on the middle class

A

Made concept of nationalism respectable and fashionable

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15
Q

Why did the national society also appeal to mazzinians

A

Were even prepared to rally behind the Piedmontese monarchy as a means of promoting an Italian nation state

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16
Q

Why was the national society a turning point for nationalism

A

New nationalism/before this it had been for a unified state and now this pushed for just northern

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17
Q

Why did Napoleon take up the nationalistic cause

A

Draw diplomatic profit/ further dynastic ambitions/ replace Austrian dominance/ French imperialist/ gain client state

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18
Q

What did elections in May 1857 show in France

A

Napoleon was becoming increasingly unpopular

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19
Q

What is the critical view of why Napoleon got involved in Italy

A

Felt he could gain support back home through successful foreign policy in Italy

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20
Q

What was napoleons view of a unified Italy

A

Federation with the pope at its head

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21
Q

How was the congress of Paris significant for relations between France and Italy

A

Dialogue was maintained through intermediates Napoleons nephew (Jerome) and Cavours assistant/ Napoleon grateful for Piedmont help in Crimea/ built close working relationship

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22
Q

When was the congress of Paris

A

1856

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23
Q

What shows that Napoleon showed enthusiasm for the romantic notion of Italy Liberty

A

He supported the Rome uprising in 1831

24
Q

When was the Orsini affair

A

14th January 1858

25
Q

What was the Orsini affair

A

4 Italians attempt to assassinate Napoleon on the way to the opera

26
Q

What did Orsini write in his prison letter that is said to have “sparked Napoleons consciousness into action”

A

“25 million citizens would follow him to prosperity”

27
Q

How many people were killed and injured in the Orsini affair

A

Injured 50 and killed several

28
Q

What is the assumption that Napoleon used the Orsini affair for

A

A romantic cover for furthering his ambitions

29
Q

When was Plombiers

A

1858

30
Q

What were the terms at plombieres

A

Kingdom of upper Italy/ central Italy/ Rome under pope and leads Italian confederacy/ Napoleon gets Nice and Savoy for 200,000/ Naples untouched/ Jerome marries princess Clotilde

31
Q

Why did Napoleon want to leave Naples alone at Plombieres

A

Not anger bourbons who were allied to Russia

32
Q

What was the name of VE daughter

A

Princess Clotilde

33
Q

What did Plombieres show about Cavour’s nationalism

A

He was obviously not a nationalist in terms of a unified peninsula

34
Q

How did Plombieres show Cavour as an opportunist

A

Willing to compromise to achieve northern liberty/ major diplomatic achievement for Cavour

35
Q

What did Harry Hearder say

A

The creative mind behind the decisions reached at Plombiers as Cavours rather than Napoleons

36
Q

What had Cavour learnt from 1848-1849

A

Piedmont could not dominate the northern without foreigners help to expel the Austrians

37
Q

Why was giving away Nice harder to justify than giving away Savoy

A

Savoy- most spoke French

Nice- Italian dialect so Cavour was aware of the reaction nationalists would have

38
Q

When did Piedmont mobilize troops on Austrian boarder

A

March 1859

39
Q

When did the Austrian foreign minister announce Piedmont had 3 days to demobilize troops

A

23rd April 1859

40
Q

When did Austria declare war on Piedmont and invade

A

29th April 1859

41
Q

How many troops had Cavour promised to match Napoleons 200,000 with

A

100,000

42
Q

What was the final number of the Piedmontese army

A

60,000

43
Q

Why did Piedmont have a lack of troops

A

Reserves Cavour had hoped to mobilize did not exist

44
Q

How did war stir unrest in the Duchies

A

In May, the National society engineered revolutions in Tuscany, Parma and Modena. Rulers fled and provisional governments set up

45
Q

Who manipulated the uprisings in the central duchies in 1859

A

National society

46
Q

When was there a popular demonstration and provisional gov set up in Florence

A

April 1859

47
Q

Who created the provisional government in Florence April 1859

A

Baron Bettino Ricasoli

48
Q

What did Ricasoli in Florence ask Piedmont for

A

Union

49
Q

What happened in June 1859

A

Insurrection in the papal states

50
Q

How did the national society show some conservatism in Bolgena

A

Piedmontese commissioners moved into restore the government after insurrection/ commissioners were members of NS

51
Q

war with northern Italy was unpopular among European powers/ what did Prussia and Britain think

A

Prussia- sympathetic to Austria

Britain- PM and foreign secretary didn’t want war despite being sympathetic

52
Q

Why were the British wary of the war with Austria and Italy being allied to France

A

Austrian domination would just be replaced with French

53
Q

When was Victor Emmanuelas speech

A

12th December 1858

54
Q

What did VE say in his speech

A

The threat “for while we respect treaties we are not insensitive to the cry of grief that reaches us from so many parts of Italy”

55
Q

How did VE speech encourage nationalsim

A

Used the word Italy

Italy 13 (10 decks)

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