3b Flashcards
_ cells target viruses and cancer cells, indicated by an interaction with _.
Tcyt
NK cells
_ cells produce interferon gamma (IFN-γ) to activate _ against endosomal pathogens.
Th1
macrophages
_ cells release interleukins (IL-4/5, IL-9/13) affecting _ against multicellular parasites.
Th2
eosinophils and B cells
_ cells secrete IL-17 and IL-22 to engage _ in response to bacteria and fungi.
Th17 and Th22
neutrophils
Tcyt cells target _, indicated by an interaction with NK cells.
Th1 cells produce _ to activate macrophages against endosomal pathogens.
Th2 cells release _ affecting eosinophils and B cells against multicellular parasites.
Th17 cells secrete _ to engage neutrophils in response to bacteria and fungi.
follicular t helper cells
viruses and cancer cells
interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
interleukins (IL-4/5, IL-9/13)
IL-17 and IL-22
Dendritic Cells (DC): _ (iDC) _ into specific forms (mDC) tailored to _
immature dendritic cells
_
mature
_
activate distinct T cell responses (Thn → Th1, Th2, Th17).
Dendritic cells are located in:
_
- epithelia
- connective tissues
- immune tissue
Lymph nodes, which are small structures that _ and store _
filter lymph fluid
white blood cells
Dendritic cells are positioned in _
proximity to lymph nodes
structures of the lymph node: the _, _ (where lymph enters the node), and _ (areas within the lymph node where immune responses are coordinated).
capsule (le contour)
afferent lymph vessel
follicles
structures of the lymph node, including the capsule, afferent lymph vessel (where ), and follicles ().
lymph enters the node
_
areas within the lymph node where immune responses are coordinated
T cells are concentrated within the _
follicles
dendritic cells (DC) enter the lymph node via _ coming from _
the afferent lymph vessel
peripheral tissues
T cells enter the lymph node from the _ via _.
bloodstream
high endothelial venules (HEVs)
what are high endothelial venules (HEVs)?
These are specialized vessels that allow T cells to directly enter the lymph node.
Interaction between Dendritic Cells and T Cells: Dendritic cells present antigens to T cells in the _, which is crucial for T cell _.
paracortex area of the lymph node
activation
Non-Activated T Cells: T cells that are not activated by an _ exit the lymph node via the _, returning to _.
antigen presented by dendritic cells
cortical sinuses
the circulation
Once T cells are activated by antigens, they begin to _ and lose the ability to _. Over time, these activated T cells differentiate into _
proliferate
exit through the usual pathways
effector cells.
Effector T Cells: Activated effector T cells eventually leave the lymph node via the _ to reach _ and perform _.
efferent lymphatic vessels
affected sites
immune functions
T cells are located in the _ regions, which are areas _. _ circulate through these areas, where they encounter antigens presented by the _.
interfollicular
between the lymphoid follicles
Naive T cells
dendritic cells
The interfollicular areas, where this meeting takes place, are crucial for the _. These areas allow for _ by providing a space where T cells can readily access _
activation of T cells
efficient surveillance of antigens
the antigen-presenting dendritic cells.
When dendritic cells present antigens to _, they _ the _ cells if the antigen is recognized as _. This activation initiates a sequence of events leading to _
naive T cells
_
activate
_
T
_
foreign
_
T cell proliferation and differentiation into effector T cells
Naive CD4 T Cell: _
These are unactivated T cells that have not yet encountered their specific antigen.
Memory CD4 T Cell: _
These cells have been exposed to antigen and provide a rapid response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.
