lecture 2a Flashcards
innate lymphocytes: ,
adaptative T lymphocytes:,
cytotoxic ILC (5-25% of blood lymphocytes)
helper ILC(0.1%, mostly tissue resident)
cytotoxic CD8+ T cell (5-30%)
helper CD4+ T cell (25-60%)
differences between cytotoxic ILC and cytotoxic T cell: _
similarity:_
diff:
ILC: no antigen-specific receptor
T cell: antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR)
ILC: activated by environmental factors (cytokines) or membrane-bound molecules (stress-induced)
T cell: Activated by MHC-I antigen presentation
_
similarity: cytotoxic activity
differences between helper ILC and helper T cell: _
similarity:_
diff:
ILC: no antigen-specific receptor
T cell: antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR)
ILC: activated by environmental factors (cytokines, lipids)
T cell: activated by MHC-II presentation
similarity: cytokines
which Innate lymphoid cells fight viruses, intracellular bacteria and tumor cells?
NK cells and ILC1
Which innate lymphoid cells fight protozoa?
ILC2
Which innate lymphoid cells fight bacteria and fungi?
ILC3
Which innate cells help form lymph nodes
Lti
ILC =
Innate Lymphoid Cell
Lti cell =
Lymphoid tissue inducer cell
what can type I interferons do:
resistance to viral replication
increase MHC-I expression
increase antigen presentation in all cells
activate dendritic cells and macrophages
activate NK cells to kill virus-infected cells
MHC I is
required for the
activation of
_
cytotoxic CD8+ T cells
and NK cells
_
cells express
MHC I
All nucleated
NK cell inhibition
by MHC I is
_
independent !
peptide/antigen
NK cells modes of action:
1._
- direct killing: Release of granules containing perforin and granzyme
- Indirect killing:
- Type II Interferon (IFNg) production by NK cells → activate macrophages which:
* increased phagocytic activity
* upregulation MHCI/II
* production IL-12/IL-15
Individuals born with a genetic defect to develop NK cells
mostly suffer from _
herpes virus infections
ILC1: Activated by _ like IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 from _, _, or _ in response to _ or _ infections. They then produce _ and _, leading to _ activation, the production of _, and _ responses.
cytokines
dendritic cells (DCs)
macrophages
tissue epithelial cells
viral
intracellular bacterial
IFNγ
TNFα
macrophage
reactive oxygen species
cytotoxic
ILC2: Triggered by _ such as IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP in response to _ infections. ILC2 cells produce _, which promote _ production, alternative _ activation, _ repair, _, and _.
cytokines
helminths or protozoan
IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13
mucus
macrophage
tissue
vasodilation
thermoregulation
ILC3: Stimulated by _ and _ during _ and _ infections. They produce _ and _, supporting functions such as _, the secretion of _, and _ survival.
IL-1β
IL-23
bacterial
fungal
IL-17
IL-22
phagocytosis
antimicrobial peptides
epithelial cell
IL-22 produced by _ have an important role in
_
ILC3
regulating tissue repair in the intestine
Adverse effects of ILC3:
chronic inflammation in lungs and skin.
promote tumor growth and tissue inflammation.
if excessive or poorly regulated IFN-γ _
causes inflammation and tissue damage
