3rd test on bones Flashcards
1
Q
skull
A
cranium
2
Q
clavicle
A
collarbones
3
Q
scapula
A
shoulder blades
4
Q
Humerus
A
top of the arm, elbow to shoulder
5
Q
radius
A
low part of the arm, one of the 2 bones, elbow to wrist (outside of the two)
6
Q
Ulna
A
lower part of arm, one of 2 bones, elbow to wrist (inside of the two)
7
Q
Phalanges
A
small bones in fingers and toes (numbered)
8
Q
Femur
A
“thigh”, top of leg (longest bone in the body)
9
Q
what does the femur determine?
A
it genetically determines height
10
Q
Tibia
A
lower part of leg, one of the 2 bones, knee to ankle (Bigger of the two bones)
11
Q
Fibula
A
lower part of leg, one of the 3 bones, knee to ankle (smaller of the bones)
12
Q
Carpal bones
A
wrist bones
13
Q
Metacarpals
A
hand bones
14
Q
Tarsal bones
A
ankle bones
15
Q
Metatarsals
A
foot bones
16
Q
Coxal
A
hip bones
17
Q
Vertebrae
A
spinal bones
18
Q
Mandible
A
jaw
19
Q
Patella
A
knee cap
20
Q
Sternum
A
chest bone (vertical)
21
Q
Ribs
A
chest ones (cage)
22
Q
how many bones in the human body
A
206
23
Q
What are the 4 functions of the skeletal systems
A
- support/structure 2. storage of calcium and minerals 3. blood cell production 4. protection
24
Q
How does the skeletal system function of support/structure work?
A
its the internal framework that makes us look “human”
25
How does the skeletal system function of blood cell production work?
blood is made in the MARROW of the bones
26
How does the skeletal system function of protection work?
protect major organs from injury
27
what are the 4 types of bones?
Long, Short, Flat, and Irregular
28
How many muscles in the body?
656
29
What is a long type of bone?
Femur (thigh), Humorous (upper arm)
30
What is a short type of bone?
Phalanges (fingers
31
What is a flat type of bone?
cranium (skull), ribs (12), clavicle (shoulders)
32
What is an irregular type of bone?
vertebrae (26 fused bones)
33
What is the skeletal system divided into?
axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
34
How many bones are in the axial skeleton
80 total bones
35
What are the 3 main areas of the axial skeleton
Cranium, Vertebrae (spinal column) and Thorax (chest cavity)
36
how many bones are in the cranium
22 (8 from the cranium and 14 from the face)
37
what process does the skull undergo
ossification
38
what is ossification
soft, disconnected bones FUSE to form a "plate" or one main bone
39
what is an example of ossification
infant skull
40
how many bones are there in the vertebra
26; numbered form the base of neck to lower back
41
what does the vertebrae form
a COLUMN or enclosure fro spinal cord
42
what is the thorax
ribs and sternum (vertical chest bone)
43
what is the thorax made up of
12 pairs of ribs
44
how are the twelve pairs of ribs divided
first seven pairs and the last five
45
what are the first seven pairs of ribs called
true ribs
46
where are the true ribs
attached to the sternum
47
what are the last five pairs of ribs called
false ribs
48
where are the false ribs
not attached to sternum, floating
49
what do the end of ribs contain and for what purpose
cartilage; for slight flexibility to prevent breaking
50
how many bones make up the appendicular
126
51
what makes up the appendicular skeleton
upper an lower limbs and pelvic girdle
52
how do the wrist and ankle bones compare
wrist contains one extra bone for greater motion that the ankle
53
how do the thumb and big toe compare
thumb is opposable, able to move across the hand, while the big toe is unopposeable, not able to move across the foot
54
is the appendicular skeleton really needed
not needed for survival because it is replaceable with prosthetic devices
55
joints
where 2 bones meet
56
what are joints joined by
a tendon
57
what is a joints major function
movement
58
arthrology
study of joints
59
how many types of joints are there
6
60
what are the types of joints
immovable joints/ slightly moveable/ hinge/ pivot/ gliding/ ball and socket
61
range of motion for immoveable joints
0
62
example of a immovable joint
skull
63
range of motion for slightly moveable
less than 10
64
example of slightly moveable
ribs
65
range of motion for hinge
90 (one way)
66
example of hinge
elbow, knee
67
range of motion for pivot
180 (left to right)
68
example of pivot
neck
69
range of motion for gliding
multi direction; one bone slides over another
70
example of gliding
fingers
71
range of motion for ball and socket
360 (full circle)
72
example of ball and socket
shoulder
73
what is oseoporosis
reduction of calcium, bones become brittle, break easy
74
what is arthritis
inflammation of joints, pain, prevents motion
75
what is tendonitis
wear down, less movement, stiff pain
76
what happens to the skeletal system as it ages
oseoporisis, arthritis, tendonitis, flexibility decreases, normal wear and tear from usage and breaks, stiffness
77
cast
immobile (permanent or temporary)
78
pin
replaces bone material in a long bone
79
plate
replaces bone material in a flat bone
80
prosthetic device
artificial limb or joint replacement
81
physical therapy
goal is to restore function
82
bone density testing and replacement
one way of repair
83
what are the different types of bone fractures
simple,open, multifragmentary
84
simple fracture
a fracture of the bone only, without damage to the surrounding tissues or breaking of the skin
85
how to fix a simple fracture
just let the bone heal
86
open fracture
bones goes through the skin
87
how to fix an open fracture
surgery
88
multi-fragmentary
bone goes into many pieces
89
how to fix a multi-fragmentary fracture
pin, replacement, plate
90
arthritis
inflammation of a joint; results from bacterial or viral infections, metabolic problems or severe physical stresses
91
treatment for arthritis
medication, physical therapy, sometimes surgery to reduce the symptoms
92
osteomylitis
degenerative joint disease; can result from cumulative wear and tear at the joint surfaces or from genetic factors affection collagen formation
93
treatment for osteomylitis
surgery to remove portions of bone that have died (through incision or drainage)
94
dislocation
injury or disability caused when the normal position of a joint or other part of the body is disturbed; when it pops out of the socket
95
treatment for a dislocation
put the joint back in its place then rest (surgery could be needed to help other bones or muscles that were affected form the dislocation)
96
tendonitis
inflammation of a tendon, most commonly from overuses but also form infection or rheumatic disease
97
treatment for tendinitis
rest, pain relievers, physical therapy
98
bone tumor (cancer)
a mass of unusual cells growing in a bone
99
treatment for a bone tumor
surgery and radiation. some noncancerous tumors go away without treatment
100
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
101
treatment for scoliosis
no official treatment; brace or surgery may help
102
concussion
a brain injury caused by a blow to the head or violent shaking of the head and body
103
treatment for concussion
rest for certain amount of time depending on the severity of it
104
osteporosis
a condition in which bones become weak and brittle
105
treatment for osteoporosis
medications, healthy diet, exercise
106
herniated disc
a problem with a rubbery disk between the spinal bones
107
treatment for a herniated disc
medication, physical therapy, possibly surgery
108
cranium
skull
109
collarbones
clavicle
110
shoulder blades
scapula
111
top of the arm, elbow to shoulder
Humerus
112
low part of the arm, one of the 2 bones, elbow to wrist (outside of the two)
radius
113
lower part of arm, one of 2 bones, elbow to wrist (inside of the two)
Ulna
114
small bones in fingers and toes (numbered)
Phalanges
115
"thigh", top of leg (longest bone in the body)
Femur
116
it genetically determines height
what does the femur determine?
117
lower part of leg, one of the 2 bones, knee to ankle (Bigger of the two bones)
Tibia
118
lower part of leg, one of the 3 bones, knee to ankle (smaller of the bones)
Fibula
119
wrist bones
Carpal bones
120
hand bones
Metacarpals
121
ankle bones
Tarsal bones
122
foot bones
Metatarsals
123
hip bones
Coxal
124
spinal bones
Vertebrae
125
jaw
Mandible
126
knee cap
Patella
127
chest bone (vertical)
Sternum
128
chest ones (cage)
Ribs
129
206
how many bones in the human body
130
1. support/structure 2. storage of calcium and minerals 3. blood cell production 4. protection
What are the 4 functions of the skeletal systems
131
its the internal framework that makes us look "human"
How does the skeletal system function of support/structure work?
132
blood is made in the MARROW of the bones
How does the skeletal system function of blood cell production work?
133
protect major organs from injury
How does the skeletal system function of protection work?
134
Long, Short, Flat, and Irregular
what are the 4 types of bones?
135
656
How many muscles in the body?
136
Femur (thigh), Humorous (upper arm)
What is a long type of bone?
137
Phalanges (fingers
What is a short type of bone?
138
cranium (skull), ribs (12), clavicle (shoulders)
What is a flat type of bone?
139
vertebrae (26 fused bones)
What is an irregular type of bone?
140
axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
What is the skeletal system divided into?
141
80 total bones
How many bones are in the axial skeleton
142
Cranium, Vertebrae (spinal column) and Thorax (chest cavity)
What are the 3 main areas of the axial skeleton
143
22 (8 from the cranium and 14 from the face)
how many bones are in the cranium
144
ossification
what process does the skull undergo
145
soft, disconnected bones FUSE to form a "plate" or one main bone
what is ossification
146
infant skull
what is an example of ossification
147
26; numbered form the base of neck to lower back
how many bones are there in the vertebra
148
a COLUMN or enclosure fro spinal cord
what does the vertebrae form
149
ribs and sternum (vertical chest bone)
what is the thorax
150
12 pairs of ribs
what is the thorax made up of
151
first seven pairs and the last five
how are the twelve pairs of ribs divided
152
true ribs
what are the first seven pairs of ribs called
153
attached to the sternum
where are the true ribs
154
false ribs
what are the last five pairs of ribs called
155
not attached to sternum, floating
where are the false ribs
156
cartilage; for slight flexibility to prevent breaking
what do the end of ribs contain and for what purpose
157
126
how many bones make up the appendicular
158
upper an lower limbs and pelvic girdle
what makes up the appendicular skeleton
159
wrist contains one extra bone for greater motion that the ankle
how do the wrist and ankle bones compare
160
thumb is opposable, able to move across the hand, while the big toe is unopposeable, not able to move across the foot
how do the thumb and big toe compare
161
not needed for survival because it is replaceable with prosthetic devices
is the appendicular skeleton really needed
162
where 2 bones meet
joints
163
a tendon
what are joints joined by
164
movement
what is a joints major function
165
study of joints
arthrology
166
6
how many types of joints are there
167
immovable joints/ slightly moveable/ hinge/ pivot/ gliding/ ball and socket
what are the types of joints
168
0
range of motion for immoveable joints
169
skull
example of a immovable joint
170
less than 10
range of motion for slightly moveable
171
ribs
example of slightly moveable
172
90 (one way)
range of motion for hinge
173
elbow, knee
example of hinge
174
180 (left to right)
range of motion for pivot
175
neck
example of pivot
176
multi direction; one bone slides over another
range of motion for gliding
177
fingers
example of gliding
178
360 (full circle)
range of motion for ball and socket
179
shoulder
example of ball and socket
180
reduction of calcium, bones become brittle, break easy
what is oseoporosis
181
inflammation of joints, pain, prevents motion
what is arthritis
182
wear down, less movement, stiff pain
what is tendonitis
183
oseoporisis, arthritis, tendonitis, flexibility decreases, normal wear and tear from usage and breaks, stiffness
what happens to the skeletal system as it ages
184
immobile (permanent or temporary)
cast
185
replaces bone material in a long bone
pin
186
replaces bone material in a flat bone
plate
187
artificial limb or joint replacement
prosthetic device
188
goal is to restore function
physical therapy
189
one way of repair
bone density testing and replacement
190
simple,open, multifragmentary
what are the different types of bone fractures
191
a fracture of the bone only, without damage to the surrounding tissues or breaking of the skin
simple fracture
192
just let the bone heal
how to fix a simple fracture
193
bones goes through the skin
open fracture
194
surgery
how to fix an open fracture
195
bone goes into many pieces
multi-fragmentary
196
pin, replacement, plate
how to fix a multi-fragmentary fracture
197
inflammation of a joint; results from bacterial or viral infections, metabolic problems or severe physical stresses
arthritis
198
medication, physical therapy, sometimes surgery to reduce the symptoms
treatment for arthritis
199
degenerative joint disease; can result from cumulative wear and tear at the joint surfaces or from genetic factors affection collagen formation
osteomylitis
200
surgery to remove portions of bone that have died (through incision or drainage)
treatment for osteomylitis
201
injury or disability caused when the normal position of a joint or other part of the body is disturbed; when it pops out of the socket
dislocation
202
put the joint back in its place then rest (surgery could be needed to help other bones or muscles that were affected form the dislocation)
treatment for a dislocation
203
inflammation of a tendon, most commonly from overuses but also form infection or rheumatic disease
tendonitis
204
rest, pain relievers, physical therapy
treatment for tendinitis
205
a mass of unusual cells growing in a bone
bone tumor (cancer)
206
surgery and radiation. some noncancerous tumors go away without treatment
treatment for a bone tumor
207
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
208
no official treatment; brace or surgery may help
treatment for scoliosis
209
a brain injury caused by a blow to the head or violent shaking of the head and body
concussion
210
rest for certain amount of time depending on the severity of it
treatment for concussion
211
a condition in which bones become weak and brittle
osteporosis
212
medications, healthy diet, exercise
treatment for osteoporosis
213
a problem with a rubbery disk between the spinal bones
herniated disc
214
medication, physical therapy, possibly surgery
treatment for a herniated disc
215
what are the 4 main functions of the skeletal system
support and structure/
storage of calcium + minerals/
blood cell production/
protection
216
4 types of bones
long, short, flat, irregular
217
long bone example
femur and humerous
218
short bone example
phalanges
219
flat bone example
cranium
220
irregular bone example
vertebrae
221
what is ossification
process where soft, flexible bone changes into hard bone over time
222
example of ossification
baby's skull; fuse together first two years of life
223
what is the differnece between endoskeleton and exoskeleton
endoskeleton is the internal framework, while exoskeletal is animal with skeleton the outside
224
the vertebrae is the
spinal chord (back bones)
225
the cranium is the
head
226
the thorax is the
ribs and sternum
227
what is arthrology and what is its relatoin to the arthritis
study of joints; related because arthritis is a joint disease
228
facial bones
14 tiny bones forming facial design and changing for expression
229
what is the differnece between an ankle and a wrist
wrist contains one extra bone for greater motion than the ankle
230
what is the difference between a thumb and a toe
thumb is opposable; able to move across hand, while toe is unopposable
