Muscular system test Flashcards
1
Q
skeletal muscles?
A
muscle connected to the skeleton to form part of the mechanical system that moves the limbs and other body parts
2
Q
visceral muscles
A
muscle tissue that contract without conscious control
3
Q
cardiac muscle
A
type of involuntary striated muscle found in the walls and is the foundation of the heart
4
Q
epimysium
A
fibrous sheath around an entire skeletal muscle
5
Q
perimysium
A
sheath of connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers
6
Q
endomysium
A
sheath of delicate reticular fibris that surround each muscle fiber
7
Q
myofibrils
A
any of he elongated contractible threads found in striated muscle cells
8
Q
irritability
A
ability of an organism or a specific tissue to react to the environment like cramping bc of the cold
9
Q
contractility
A
ability to contract, possessed by skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle cells
10
Q
extensibility
A
muscles can be stretched to their normal resting length and beyond to a certain degree
11
Q
elasticity
A
ability of tissue to regain its original shape after being stretched, squeezed, or otherwise deformed
12
Q
motor neuron
A
nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal chord to a muscle or gland
13
Q
oxygen debt
A
amount of extra oxygen required by muscle tissue to oxidize lactic acid and replenish diminished ATP
14
Q
single twitch
A
contraction resulting from a threshold stimulus, smallest threshold stimuli to create a contraction
15
Q
muscle tone
A
internal state of muscle fiber tension within individual muscles
16
Q
contraction phase
A
when tension rises to its peak
17
Q
relaxation phase
A
when the heart relaxses after contraction in preparation for refilling with circulating blood
18
Q
What is the function of tendons
A
tendons connect muscle to the bones
19
Q
what is tendonitis
A
inflammation of a tendon, most commonly from overuse but also from infection or rheumatic disease.
20
Q
What are 2 possible reasons why a skeletal muscle may not work?
A
paralysis and atrophy
21
Q
what is paralysis
A
nerve damage
22
Q
what is atrophy
A
when muscles are painful to move because they have not been used over time
23
Q
why are steroids used and what are they?
A
chemical additive used to enhance (promote) muscle development
24
Q
why are steroids potentially dangerous?
A
the heart is muscular and many negative side effects come from using them
25
What is the association between the muscular system and nerves?
muscular system needs a nerve connect for motion. if the nerves are blocked it causes paralysis
26
What is a twitch
involuntary movement (associated with nerve connection) - cannot always be controlled
27
What are two good examples of twitches
eye twitch and heart flutter (change in beat)
28
Why is adolescence a great time to begin body building
the muscles are still in the process of developing and are very flexible
29
What is the value of daily exercise on the muscular system
it keeps the muscles in shape throughout life
30
describe a heart attack from a muscular perspective
the muscles of the heart stop because of many reasons
31
what are the treatments of a heart attack and
5 min (CPR) to restore function (lack of O2 kills brain cells), improved diet, exercise helps along with meds and possible surgery
32
What happens when a muscle experiences oxygen debt
muscle can no longer contract and it shuts down or no longer works
33
How does a muscle contract?
they attach, pivot (move), detach (stretch) and return
34
What effects (list 3) does the process of aging have on the muscular system?
1. less elasticity 2. less strength/power 3. reduction in size of a muscle
35
What is atrophy and give 2 examples?
inadequate stimulation causes muscles to decrease in size ex. old people confined to bed try to walk do not have the muscle strength anymore, you break a leg and have to try and walk again
36
Why is muscle tone dependent upon consciousness? What happens to tone in unconscious state and why?
muscle tone connected to the brain. when consciousness is lost, muscles lose tone
37
What is muscle tone and what is it responsible for in the body?
muscle tone is when muscle is always slightly flexed in resting position. ex body exits like bathroom functions. body holds it inside without you thinking (he told me this)
38
Explain contractibility
muscles get shorter and thicker
39
Explain extensibility
how far the muscle can extend
40
Explain elasticity
ability for muscle to return back to original shape and size
41
Muscles contain? (4 things)
fibers, water, O2, 2 points of attachment
42
What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles?
voluntary muscles are muscles you choose to move and involuntary muscles like your heart automatically without you having conscious control
43
What are 3 main types of muscles and give 1 example of each type?
skeletal muscles (biceps), cardiac muscle (heart), and smooth/visceral muscle (muscles that hold waste inside)
44
Compare the total number and location of muscles to bones in the body?
- 600+ muscles to 206 bones - 3 to 1 ratio - allows for wide and varied movements
45
What is fibrosis?
the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury. it is called a scar
46
What is a muscle cramp
involuntary contractions of one or more muscles
47
What is muscular dystrophy
genetic disorder that weakens the muscles overtime
48
What is a Hernia
organ pushes through an opening in muscle or tissue that holds it in place
49
What is a twitch
small muscle contractions of the body
50
What is a heart attack (as a muscle)
blood flow to muscle is severely reduced or cut off
51
What is ALS (Lou Gehrig Disease)
progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in brain and spinal chord
52
What is tendonitis
irritation, inflammation, or microscopic tears of tendon
53
What is carpel tunnel syndrome
pinched nerve in hand or arm
54
What is myalgia
pain in muscles
55
What is polio
highly infectious disease
56
What is ataxia
loss of control of bodily movements
57
What is myopathy
disease in the muscle tissue
58
What causes atrophy?
lack of physical activity or disease
59
What causes fibrosis
when immune cells release soluble factors that stimulate fibroblasts
60
What causes muscle cramping
muscle fatigue, dehydration, magnesium, and or potasium deficiency
61
What causes muscular dystrophy
genetics
62
What causes a hernia
age, chronic coughing, damage from injury or surgery, abdominal wall don't close in birth
63
What causes a twitch
small muscle contractions of the body
64
What causes a heart attack
arteries blocked by fat, cholesterol, and build up of plaque
65
What causes ALS
environment and eugenic factors
66
What causes tendonitis
overuse, or overload
67
What causes carpel tunnel syndrome
overuse, obesity, diabetes, arthritis, repeated motions
68
What causes myalgia
muscle tension, overuse, strains and pain, medical conditions
69
What causes polio
transmission through fecal matter ex. dirty water, spread through sneeze or cough
70
What causes ataxia
multiple sclerosis injury, stroke, genes, or tumor
71
What causes myopathy
genetics
72
how do you treat atrophy
exercise, physical therapy, ultrasound therapy, surgery, and diet changes
73
how do you treat fibrosis
diet, activity, medical care, and surgery
74
how do you treat muscle cramps
stretching, hydration, eat foods high in calcium, magnesium, and vitamins
75
how do you treat muscular dystrophy
no cure, can take medications, do physical therapy, and surgery
76
how do you treat a hernia
lifestyle changes (diet), medication, and surgery
77
how do you treat a twitch
diet, stop smoking, exercise
78
how do you treat a heart attack
medication, surgical procedures, and implantable medical devices
79
how do you treat ALS
therapy to prolong symptoms but death is inevitable
80
how do you treat tendonitis
rest, ice, heat, brace, medication, therapy, and surgery
81
how do you treat carpel tunnel syndrome
stretching, splint, ice, surgery, rest, medication
82
how do you treat myalgia
meds, stretching, hydration, exercise
83
how do you treat polio
prevented by a vaccine at birth
84
how do you treat ataxia
therapy, counseling, supplements and nutrition, and medication
85
how do you treat myopathy
surgery, diet, drug therapy, and medication
86
muscle connected to the skeleton to form part of the mechanical system that moves the limbs and other body parts
skeletal muscles?
87
muscle tissue that contract without conscious control
visceral muscles
88
type of involuntary striated muscle found in the walls and is the foundation of the heart
cardiac muscle
89
fibrous sheath around an entire skeletal muscle
epimysium
90
sheath of connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers
perimysium
91
sheath of delicate reticular fibris that surround each muscle fiber
endomysium
92
any of he elongated contractible threads found in striated muscle cells
myofibrils
93
ability of an organism or a specific tissue to react to the environment like cramping bc of the cold
irritability
94
ability to contract, possessed by skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle cells
contractility
95
muscles can be stretched to their normal resting length and beyond to a certain degree
extensibility
96
ability of tissue to regain its original shape after being stretched, squeezed, or otherwise deformed
elasticity
97
nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal chord to a muscle or gland
motor neuron
98
amount of extra oxygen required by muscle tissue to oxidize lactic acid and replenish diminished ATP
oxygen debt
99
contraction resulting from a threshold stimulus, smallest threshold stimuli to create a contraction
single twitch
100
internal state of muscle fiber tension within individual muscles
muscle tone
101
when tension rises to its peak
contraction phase
102
when the heart relaxses after contraction in preparation for refilling with circulating blood
relaxation phase
103
tendons connect muscle to the bones
What is the function of tendons
104
inflammation of a tendon, most commonly from overuse but also from infection or rheumatic disease.
what is tendonitis
105
paralysis and atrophy
What are 2 possible reasons why a skeletal muscle may not work?
106
nerve damage
what is paralysis
107
when muscles are painful to move because they have not been used over time
what is atrophy
108
chemical additive used to enhance (promote) muscle development
why are steroids used and what are they?
109
the heart is muscular and many negative side effects come from using them
why are steroids potentially dangerous?
110
muscular system needs a nerve connect for motion. if the nerves are blocked it causes paralysis
What is the association between the muscular system and nerves?
111
involuntary movement (associated with nerve connection) - cannot always be controlled
What is a twitch
112
eye twitch and heart flutter (change in beat)
What are two good examples of twitches
113
the muscles are still in the process of developing and are very flexible
Why is adolescence a great time to begin body building
114
it keeps the muscles in shape throughout life
What is the value of daily exercise on the muscular system
115
the muscles of the heart stop because of many reasons
describe a heart attack from a muscular perspective
116
5 min (CPR) to restore function (lack of O2 kills brain cells), improved diet, exercise helps along with meds and possible surgery
what are the treatments of a heart attack and
117
muscle can no longer contract and it shuts down or no longer works
What happens when a muscle experiences oxygen debt
118
they attach, pivot (move), detach (stretch) and return
How does a muscle contract?
119
1. less elasticity 2. less strength/power 3. reduction in size of a muscle
What effects (list 3) does the process of aging have on the muscular system?
120
inadequate stimulation causes muscles to decrease in size ex. old people confined to bed try to walk do not have the muscle strength anymore, you break a leg and have to try and walk again
What is atrophy and give 2 examples?
121
muscle tone connected to the brain. when consciousness is lost, muscles lose tone
Why is muscle tone dependent upon consciousness? What happens to tone in unconscious state and why?
122
muscle tone is when muscle is always slightly flexed in resting position. ex body exits like bathroom functions. body holds it inside without you thinking (he told me this)
What is muscle tone and what is it responsible for in the body?
123
muscles get shorter and thicker
Explain contractibility
124
how far the muscle can extend
Explain extensibility
125
ability for muscle to return back to original shape and size
Explain elasticity
126
fibers, water, O2, 2 points of attachment
Muscles contain? (4 things)
127
voluntary muscles are muscles you choose to move and involuntary muscles like your heart automatically without you having conscious control
What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles?
128
skeletal muscles (biceps), cardiac muscle (heart), and smooth/visceral muscle (muscles that hold waste inside)
What are 3 main types of muscles and give 1 example of each type?
129
- 600+ muscles to 206 bones - 3 to 1 ratio - allows for wide and varied movements
Compare the total number and location of muscles to bones in the body?
130
the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury. it is called a scar
What is fibrosis?
131
involuntary contractions of one or more muscles
What is a muscle cramp
132
genetic disorder that weakens the muscles overtime
What is muscular dystrophy
133
organ pushes through an opening in muscle or tissue that holds it in place
What is a Hernia
134
small muscle contractions of the body
What is a twitch
135
blood flow to muscle is severely reduced or cut off
What is a heart attack (as a muscle)
136
progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in brain and spinal chord
What is ALS (Lou Gehrig Disease)
137
irritation, inflammation, or microscopic tears of tendon
What is tendonitis
138
pinched nerve in hand or arm
What is carpel tunnel syndrome
139
pain in muscles
What is myalgia
140
highly infectious disease
What is polio
141
loss of control of bodily movements
What is ataxia
142
disease in the muscle tissue
What is myopathy
143
lack of physical activity or disease
What causes atrophy?
144
when immune cells release soluble factors that stimulate fibroblasts
What causes fibrosis
145
muscle fatigue, dehydration, magnesium, and or potasium deficiency
What causes muscle cramping
146
genetics
What causes muscular dystrophy
147
age, chronic coughing, damage from injury or surgery, abdominal wall don't close in birth
What causes a hernia
148
small muscle contractions of the body
What causes a twitch
149
arteries blocked by fat, cholesterol, and build up of plaque
What causes a heart attack
150
environment and eugenic factors
What causes ALS
151
overuse, or overload
What causes tendonitis
152
overuse, obesity, diabetes, arthritis, repeated motions
What causes carpel tunnel syndrome
153
muscle tension, overuse, strains and pain, medical conditions
What causes myalgia
154
transmission through fecal matter ex. dirty water, spread through sneeze or cough
What causes polio
155
multiple sclerosis injury, stroke, genes, or tumor
What causes ataxia
156
genetics
What causes myopathy
157
exercise, physical therapy, ultrasound therapy, surgery, and diet changes
how do you treat atrophy
158
diet, activity, medical care, and surgery
how do you treat fibrosis
159
stretching, hydration, eat foods high in calcium, magnesium, and vitamins
how do you treat muscle cramps
160
no cure, can take medications, do physical therapy, and surgery
how do you treat muscular dystrophy
161
lifestyle changes (diet), medication, and surgery
how do you treat a hernia
162
diet, stop smoking, exercise
how do you treat a twitch
163
medication, surgical procedures, and implantable medical devices
how do you treat a heart attack
164
therapy to prolong symptoms but death is inevitable
how do you treat ALS
165
rest, ice, heat, brace, medication, therapy, and surgery
how do you treat tendonitis
166
stretching, splint, ice, surgery, rest, medication
how do you treat carpel tunnel syndrome
167
meds, stretching, hydration, exercise
how do you treat myalgia
168
prevented by a vaccine at birth
how do you treat polio
169
therapy, counseling, supplements and nutrition, and medication
how do you treat ataxia
170
surgery, diet, drug therapy, and medication
how do you treat myopathy
