3rd year Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
5 components of primary prevention of dental caries
A
- Dental health education
- Oral hygiene instruction
- Diet
- Fluoride, systemic and topical
- Fissure sealants
2
Q
3 components of secondary and tertiary prevention of dental caries
A
- Diagnosis of carious lesions
- Management of carious lesions
- Re-restoration
3
Q
4 anatomical differences in crowns of primary teeth
A
Smaller
Whiter
Thinner enamel and dentine layers
Broad line contacts
4
Q
4 anatomical differences in the pulp of primary teeth
A
Large pulp horns
Closer to the outer surface
Irregular pulp canals
Thin floor of pulp cavity
5
Q
3 anatomical differences in the roots of primary teeth
A
Narrow mesio-distally
Long
Divergent
6
Q
How many teeth are in the primary dentition
A
20
7
Q
4 features of occlusion in primary dentition
A
Maxillary arch larger than mandibular arch of teeth
Primary teeth more upright
Mandibular incisors occlude with palatal surface of maxillary incisors
Anthropoid space distal to mandibular C, mesial to maxillary C
8
Q
When should you expect all primary teeth to erupt by
A
20-30 months
9
Q
3 composite indications
A
Occlusal restorations
Small interproximal restorations
Anterior restorations including strip crowns
10
Q
4 composite advantages
A
Adhesive - bonding agent used
Aesthetic
Reasonable wear properties
Command set
11
Q
4 composite disadvantages
A
Technique sensitive
Moisture control
Expensive
Shrinkage
12
Q
2 compomer indications
A
Low-stress bearing occlusal and proximal cavities
Patients who have a high caries rate
13
Q
3 compomer advantages
A
Aesthetic
Less moisture sensitive than composite
Fluoride release
14
Q
2 compomer disadvantages
A
Require use of dentine bonding agent
Fracture/wear resistance less than composite
15
Q
3 conventional glass ionomer advantages
A
Adhesive
Aesthetic
Fluoride leaching
16
Q
Conventional glass ionomer indications
A
Rarely indicated
17
Q
2 conventional glass ionomer disadvantages
A
Brittle
Susceptible to erosion and wear
18
Q
3 resin modified glass ionomer indications
A
Temporary restorations
Stabilisation in small or large lesions
Patients who have a high caries rate
19
Q
6 resin modified glass ionomer advantages
A
Adhesive
Aesthetic
Command set
Easy to handle
Fluoride release
Increased mechanical strength and wear resistance
20
Q
2 resin modified glass ionomer disadvantages
A
Water absorption
Wear
21
Q
High viscosity glass ionomer indications
A
Atraumatic Restorative Technique (ART)
22
Q
2 high viscosity glass ionomer advantages
A
Chemically-cured
Better mechanical properties
23
Q
3 preformed nickel-chromium crown indications
A
Greater than 2 surfaces
Extensive 1 or 2 surface lesions
Following pulpectomy
24
Q
2 preformed nickel-chromium crown advantages
A
Durable
Protect and support remaining tooth structure
25
3 preformed nickel-chromium crown disadvantages
Extensive tooth preparation
Patient co-operation required
Unaesthetic
26
3 uses of local anaesthetic in children
Operative pain control
Diagnostic tool
Control of haemorrhage
27
3 intraligamentary anaesthesia advantages
Less uncomfortable than IDB or palatal
Rapid onset
Less effect on soft tissue, decreases self mutilation
28
2 intraligamentary anaesthesia disadvantages
Risk of avulsion if immature root or short root
Risk of damage to permanent successor
29
2 needle free devices advantages
Mucosa anaesthetised to depth of 1cm without use of needle
Deliver jet under high pressure
30
5 needle free devices disadvantages
Expensive
Technique not applicable to all areas
Soft tissue damage if careless technique
Specialised syringes can be frightening
Loud noise and bad taste following delivery
31
6 computerised injection system advantages
Fine needle
Easier for operator
Anaesthetic delivered under controlled pressure
Decreased post-op numbness
Lower pain ratings
Less disruptive behaviour
32
5 LA complications
Psychogenic
Allergy
Drug interactions
Infection
Toxicity
33
When should a child visit the dentist for the first time
As soon as the first tooth appears (usually around 12 months) or by 1 year old, whichever comes first
34
Fluoride guidelines for prevention of dental cares in all children aged 3-6 years
Apply fluoride varnish (2.26%) to teeth 2 times a year
35
Fluoride guidelines for prevention of dental cares children aged 3 to 6 years giving concern because of dental caries risk
Apply fluoride varnish (2.26%) to teeth 2 or more times a year
36
Fluoride guidelines for prevention of dental caries in children aged from 7 years and young people
Apply fluoride varnish (2.26%) to teeth 2 times a year
37
Fluoride guidelines for prevention of dental cares children aged from 7 years and young people because of dental caries risk
Apply fluoride varnish (2.26%) to teeth 2 or more times a year
38
4 stages in application of fluoride varnish
Remove plaque
Dry teeth
Apply fluoride varnish to all susceptible sites
Remove excess
39
4 pieces of post fluoride varnish application advice
Don’t brush teeth for 4 hours after
Don’t eat hard food for 4 hours after
Reassure excess salivation afterwards
Reassure parents that teeth may temporarily appear discoloured until the varnish wears off
40
4 possible side effects of fluoride varnish
Allergy
Irritation, inflammation, ulceration of gums
Nausea and retching
Asthma
41
Dosing guide for fluoride varnish
Primary dentition up to 0.25 ml
Mixed dentition up to 0.40 ml
Permanent dentition up to 0.75 ml
42
3 pieces of isolation equipment
Dry tip
Low volume saliva ejector
Cotton wool
43
4 signs and symptoms of fluoride toxicity
GIT: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, pain
Abnormal taste
Convulsion
Cardiac symptoms
44
How much fluoride does 0.25ml of varnish contain
5.65mg fluoride
45
How much fluoride does 0.5ml of varnish contain
11.3mg fluoride
46
How much fluoride does 0.75ml of varnish contain
16.95mg fluoride
47
How much fluoride needs to be ingested to cause GIT symptoms
1mg/kg
48
How much fluoride needs to be ingested to meet potentially lethal dose/probably toxic dose
5mg/kg
49
How much fluoride needs to be ingested to meet lethal dose
32mg/kg upwards
50
4 classifications of cooperation
Pre-cooperative
Potentially cooperative
Cooperative
Lacking cooperative ability
51
Normal eruption of mandibular A
6-10 months
52
Normal eruption of mandibular B
10-16 months
53
Normal eruption of mandibular C
17-23 months
54
Normal eruption of mandibular D
14-18 months
55
Normal eruption of mandibular E
23-31 months
56
Normal eruption of maxillary A
8-12 months
57
Normal eruption of maxillary B
9-13 months
58
Normal eruption of maxillary C
16-22 months
59
Normal eruption of maxillary D
13-19 months
60
Normal eruption of maxillary E
25-33 months
61
Where does anthropoid spacing occur in the maxilla and the mandible
Maxilla: between the lateral incisors and canines
Mandible: between the canines and first molars
62
Where are paediatric dental services provided
General dental practice – primary care
Specialist paediatric dental practice
Community dental service
Hospital dental service
63
Contraindications to local anaesthetic
General factors: young age, disability, long duration of treatment, difficult access
Medical history: allergy, liver disease, poor blood supply
63
What age should you expect all primary teeth erupt
By age 20-30 months
64
Max dose of Lidocaine
4.4mg/kg
65
4 challenges of paediatric dentistry
High prevalence of dental caries
Special child: very young, anxious, medically compromised
Specialist paediatric dentistry techniques
Delivery of service
66
Prevalence of dental caries NI at 5,12 and 15 years
5yrs 40%
12yrs 57%
15yrs 72%
67
What age can a child given consent
Everyone >16 years
If a child <16 years has sufficient understanding to enable them to understand what is proposed
68
Who has parental responsibility
Childs birth patents ( father if married, on birth cert responsible as a result of a court order)
Legally appointed guardian
Health and social care trust
Person named in a residence order
69
Clinical implications of smaller crowns with thin enamel and dentine
Limited room for cavity prep and restorations
70
Clinical implications of broad contacts
Difficult to detect caries
Difficult to restore contact
Large box
71
Clinical implications of cervical constriction
Enamel at the floor of box not undermined
72
Clinical implications of angulation of enamel prisms at cervical margin
Cavity prep needs to slope occlusally
73
Clinical implications of buccal bulge
Retention of stainless steel crown
74
Clinical implications of primary teeth being narrower occlusally than at cervical margin
Difficult to place matrix bands
75
Clinical implications of large pulp
Limited room for cavity prep
76
Clinical implications of pulp horn close to surface
Risk of pulp exposure
77
Clinical implications of thin floor of pulp chamber
Perforations easy
78
Clinical implications of narrow mesio-distal, long, flared roots in primary teeth
Root canal treatment difficult
79
3 intra-oral topical surface anaesthetics
Benzocaine 20% gel
Lidocaine 10% spray
Lidocaine 5% gel
80
Local anaesthetic solution of choice
Lidocaine hydrochloride 2% with adrenaline 1:80000
81
What is Downs syndrome and what are some dental considerations for these patients
Genetic condition resulting in Trisomy 21 and learning impairments
Dental implications: macroglossia, lips tend to be thick ,dry and fissured, anterior open bite, high vaulted palate, malocclusions, hypodontia, delayed eruption, talon cusps, shovel shaped incisors, periodontal disease, xerostomia
82
What is Cerebral Palsy and what are some dental considerations for these patients
Congenital physical handicap caused by brain damage in development
Dental considerations: gingival hyperplasia, increased caries, poor clearance, decreased parotid flow, calculus, malocclusion, enamel hypoplasia, erosion, drooling, increased gag reflex, bruxism
83
What is Spina Bifida and what are some dental considerations for these patients
Occurs as a result of non fusion of one or more posterior vertebral arches
Dental considerations: often wheelchair users, frequently on antibiotic treatment, often latex allergy
84
What is Muscular dystrophy and what are some dental considerations for these patients
Genetic disorders that involve a progressive loss of muscle mass and consequent loss of strength
Dental considerations: GA risk, progressive facial weakness, physical disability
85
Mesial distal width of maxillary E compared to 5's
E: 8.5mm
5: 6.5mm
86
Mesial distal width of mandibular D's compared with 4’s
D: 8 mm
4: 7mm
87
Mesial distal width of mandibular E compared with 5’s
E: 9.5mm
5: 7mm
88
5 differences in primary incisors
Shorter crown
Cervical constriction
Mamellons rare
Narrower roots mesio-distally
Incisor relationship more edge to edge
89
3 differences in primary canines
Large crown
Bulge at cervical constriction
Cusp tip wears rapidly
90
6 differences in primary molars
Cervical constriction
Buccal bulge
Narrower occlusal tables
Broad contact areas
Higher pulp horns
Longer, divergent, narrower mesio-distally roots
91
Recommended sugar intake 4-6 years
19 g
92
Recommended sugar intake 7-10 years
24 g
93
Recommended sugar intake 11 + years
30 g
94
Difference between upper and lower primary 1st molars
Upper has 3 roots - MB, DB, P
Lower has 2 roots - M, D
95
How many ml per root for intra-ligamentary LA
0.2ml/tooth
96
Recommended toothpaste for a child aged 0-3 years
1000ppm fluoride tooth paste
Use a smear
97
Recommended toothpaste for a child aged 3-6 years
Use 1000ppm fluoride toothpaste
Use a pea-sized amount
98
Recommended toothpaste for a child 7+ years
1350-1500 ppm fluoridated toothpaste
99
Recommended toothpaste for a child 7+ years, giving concern
1350-1500 ppm fluoridated toothpaste plus fluoridated mouthwash at different time to brushing
100
How frequently should children visit the dentist
At least annually
101
4 contraindications to duraphat
Allergies
Asthma
Ulcerative gingivitis
Stomitis
102
How long after duraphat application should you wait before bushing and eating
4 hours
103
4 contraindications to silver diamine fluoride
Silver allergy
Irreversible pulpitis
Various lesions extending into the pulp
History of ulcerative gingivitis/stomatis
104
4 key messages of oral health education
Dental attendance
Toothbrushing
Fluoride
Diet
105
When should adult supervision whilst toothbrushing continue until
7 years old or when child can the their own laces
106
Affects of fluorosis in children
Under 3 years: affects permanent incisors
6 years: affects permanent premolars
107
Define SMART goals
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Relevant
Time-bound
108
4 ways to prevent erosion
Brush twice a day with fluoride tooth paste
Avoid brushing for 30 mins after acidic fruits or drinks
Avoid brushing after vomiting
Limit acidic fruits and drinks to mealtimes
109
2 ingredients of topical fluoride varnish
Sodium fluoride
Ethanol (96%)
110
5 early localised complications of LA
Pain
Intravascular injection
Intra nerve injection
Failure of LA
Haematoma formation
111
5 late localised complications of LA
Self inflicted trauma
Oral ulceration
Nerve damage
Trimus
Infection
112
Recommended toothpaste for a child aged 16 +years, raising concerns
2800 or 5000 ppm fluoride toothpaste
113
Extrinsic causes of dental erosion
Diet
Environment
Medicines
114
Intrinsic causes of dental erosion
Eating disorders
Reflux
115
Recommended toothpaste for a child aged 10+ years, raising concerns
2800 ppm fluoride toothpaste
