Questions 3rd year Flashcards
(148 cards)
1
Q
Age of child’s first visit to dentist
A
As soon as first tooth erupts or by 1st birthday, whichever is sooner
2
Q
What percentage of food should be made up of sugars in a 2+ year old
A
Not exceed 5% of total dietary energy
3
Q
What is the recommended grams of sugar for a child aged 4-6
A
19g
4
Q
What is the recommended grams of sugar for a child aged 7-10
A
24g
5
Q
What is the recommended grams of sugar for a child aged 11+
A
30g
6
Q
2 differences in D’s and E’s
A
Es are 1.5mm longer mesiodistally
Ds erupt first
7
Q
What is the difference between upper and lower primary first molars
A
Upper: 3 roots (MB, DB, P)
Lower: 2 roots (M, D)
8
Q
How many ml per root for an intra-ligamentary injection
A
0.2ml/root
9
Q
Who can consent for an adult with Alzheimerʼs
A
No one can consent on behalf of another adult
10
Q
Certainly lethal dose of fluoride
A
32mg/kg
11
Q
Potentially toxic level of fluoride
A
5mg/kg
12
Q
GI symptoms level of fluoride
A
1mg/kg
13
Q
4 symptoms would 1mg/kg of fluoride cause
A
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Pain
14
Q
4 symptoms would 5mg/kg of fluoride cause
A
GI symptoms
Abnormal taste
Convulsions
Cardiac symptoms
15
Q
2 ways Down Syndrome make it more difficult to brush
A
Macroglossia
Clinodactyly (short fifth finger)
16
Q
Define euthymol toothpaste
A
Fluoride free toothpaste
17
Q
Most common disease associated with austism
A
Epilepsy
18
Q
3 ways to encourage child to brush teeth
A
Light up toothbrushes
Videos
Songs
19
Q
Age for a child to sit without support
A
8 months
19
Q
Age for a child to stand with assistance
A
8-10 months
19
Q
Age for a child to crawl
A
6-9 months
20
Q
Age for a child to walk with assitance
A
1 year
21
Q
Age for a child to stand alone
A
11 months
22
Q
Age for child to walk alone
A
8-18 months
23
Biggest cause of blindness
Cataracts
24
Impairment that effects 1 in 4 people
Mental health
25
Minimum age to prescribe fluoride varnish
3 years
26
Advice for 7+ year old using mouth wash
Use a fluoride mouth rinse daily (0.05% sodium fluoride) at a different time to brushing
27
Frequency child should visit the dentist
At least annually
28
4 Duraphat contraindications
Allergies: sodium fluoride, colophon
Asthma
Mouth ulcers or gum disease
Stomatitis
29
How long after Duraphat application should you wait before brushing teeth/eating
4 hours
30
6 contra-indications for silver diamine fluoride
Pulp involvement
Periapical radiolucency
Food packing
Allergies to any ingredients
Active ulceration, mucositis or stomatitis
Patients undergoing thyroid gland therapy or on thyroid medication
31
4 classifications of co-operation
Pre-cooperative
Potentially cooperative
Cooperative
Lacking cooperative ability
32
How much more likely is a five year old to have caries if they live in a deprived area
1.5
33
Age that a child should first smile
6 weeks
34
Age that a child should first laugh
16 weeks
35
6 oral manifestations of cerebral palsy
Gingival hyperplasia
Increased caries
Malocclusion
Enamel hypoplasia
Erosion
Drooling
36
Most commonly prescribed sugary medicine for children
Lactulose solution
37
3 indications for PRR used
Enamel only lesions
Incipient lesions just into dentine
Small class I cavities
38
Topical anaesthetic commonly used
20% benzocaine gel
10% lidocaine spray
5% lidocaine analgesic gel
39
Aetiology of natal/neonatal tooth
Superficial position of tooth germ
Evidence of genetic contribution as seen in syndromes
40
Indication for High Viscosity Gl
ART technique
41
3 types of cerebral palsy
Athetoid/dyskinetic
Spastic
Ataxic
42
3 types of hearing loss
Conductive
Sensorineural
Exposure to very loud noises
43
4 classifications of learning disability
Mild: IQ 50-70
Moderate: IQ 35-49
Severe: IQ 20-34
Profound: IQ<20
44
Percentage of those with a 'mild' learning disability
85%
45
Define aphasia
Language disability caused by brain injury
46
Define dysarthia
Collective name for a group of speech disorders resulting from neurogenic disturbances in muscular control
47
3 conditions causing dysarthia
Cerebral palsy
Stroke
Multiple sclerosis
48
Most common disability and its incidence
Hearing impairment
8.7 million
49
Percentage of NI population with a disability
18%
50
4 dental implications for patients with spina bifida
Wheelchair users
Frequently on antibiotic treatment
Latex allergy (60%)
Antibiotic prophylaxis required for children with a shunt
51
Clotting disorders that may cause delayed bleed
Von Willebrands disease
Haemophilia A&B
52
How long after chemotherapy should dental procedures be scheduled
4 weeks
53
Percentage of malignant disease in children that is acute leukaemia
50%
54
How long should extractions be carried out before radiotherapy
10 days
55
When does a child gain perceptual development
7 years
56
Define the age of sensorimotor stage Piagetʼs of cognitive theory
0-2 years
57
Age that a child responds to sounds (startles)
6-8 weeks
58
Age that a child moves or reacts when someone speaks or makes a noise
4 months
59
Ages that a child turns around if parent calling from behind and recognises own name
1 year
60
Age that a child can determine which messages merit attention
7 years
61
Age that a child has poor colour discrimination and limited visual fields
Birth-4 weeks
62
Age that a child is visually alert to new surroundings and can differentiate between known and unfamiliar people
9-12 months
63
Age that a child scans less of an object, fixate on detail
6 years
64
2 common fears in a child 9-12 months
Loud noise
Separation
65
Common fear in a child 2-4 years
Imaginary objects
66
2 common fears in a child 4 years
Dark
Unknown
67
Common fear in a child 5-6 years
Social and school fears
68
4 common fears in a child 6-16 years
Injury
Death
Natural events
Social anxiety
69
Most likely exposed pulp horn whilst drilling a lower molar
Mesio-buccal pulp horn
70
How much fluoride does 0.75ml of varnish contain
16.95mg fluoride
71
How much fluoride does 0.5ml of varnish contain
11.3mg fluoride
72
How much fluoride does 0.25ml of varnish contain
5.65mg fluoride
73
What age should you expect all primary teeth erupt
By age 20-30 months
74
Max dose of Lidocaine
4.4mg/kg
75
Prevalence of dental caries NI at 5,12 and 15 years
5yrs 40%
12yrs 57%
15yrs 72%
76
2 ingredients of topical fluoride varnish
Sodium fluoride
Ethanol (96%)
77
How many times more likely is an abused child likely to have untreated dental decay
8
78
Prevalence of Spina Bifida 1000 live births
2.5
79
Number of people in the UK with arthritis
8 million
80
Number of people in UK with invisible or hidden disability
250,000
81
Percentage of people with Downs syndrome with absent deciduous lateral incisors
15%
82
What age can parents understand 50% of speech
2 years
83
What age can parents understand 75% of speech
3 years
84
What age can are children mostly understood even by those who don't know them
4 years
85
Percentage of those with Downs syndrome with congenital heart disorders
50%
86
3 causes of dementia
Alzhiemers
Vascular disease
Stroke
87
Recommended toothpaste for a child aged 0-3 years
1000ppm fluoride tooth paste
Use a smear
88
Recommended toothpaste for a child aged 3-6 years
Use 1000ppm fluoride toothpaste
Use a pea-sized amount
89
Recommended toothpaste for a child 7+ years
1350-1500 ppm fluoridated toothpaste
90
Recommended toothpaste for a child 7+ years, giving concern
1350-1500 ppm fluoridated toothpaste plus fluoridated mouthwash at different time to brushing
91
When should adult supervision whilst toothbrushing continue until
7 years old or when child can the their own laces
92
Affects of fluorosis in children
Under 3 years: affects permanent incisors
6 years: affects permanent premolars
93
5 early localised complications of LA
Pain
Intravascular injection
Intra nerve injection
Failure of LA
Haematoma formation
94
5 late localised complications of LA
Self inflicted trauma
Oral ulceration
Nerve damage
Trimus
Infection
95
Recommended toothpaste for a child aged 10+ years, raising concerns
2800 ppm fluoride toothpaste
96
How many teeth are in the primary dentition
20
97
3 preformed nickel-chromium crown indications
Greater than 2 surfaces
Extensive 1 or 2 surface lesions
Following pulpectomy
98
Fluoride guidelines for prevention of dental caries in all children aged 3-6 years
Apply fluoride varnish (2.26%) to teeth 2 times a year
99
Fluoride guidelines for prevention of dental cares children aged 0 to 6 years with high caries risk
Apply fluoride varnish (2.26%) to teeth 2 or more times a year
100
Fluoride guidelines for prevention of dental caries in children aged from 7 years and young people
Apply fluoride varnish (2.26%) to teeth 2 times a year
101
Fluoride guidelines for prevention of dental caries children aged from 7 years and young people with high caries risk
Apply fluoride varnish (2.26%) to teeth 2 or more times a year
102
Dosing guide for fluoride varnish
Primary dentition up to 0.25 ml
Mixed dentition up to 0.40 ml
Permanent dentition up to 0.75 ml
103
Where does anthropoid spacing occur in the maxilla and the mandible
Maxilla: between the lateral incisors and canines
Mandible: between the canines and first molars
104
Local anaesthetic solution of choice
Lidocaine hydrochloride 2% with adrenaline 1:80000
105
Define the age of pre-operational thought stage Piagetʼs of cognitive theory
2-7 years
106
Define the age of concrete operations stage Piagetʼs of cognitive theory
7-11 years
107
Define the age of formal operations Piagetʼs of cognitive theory
11 years
108
Define neonate
Birth to 4 weeks
109
Define infant
4 weeks - 1 year
110
Define toddler
1-3 years
111
Define preschooler
3-5 years
112
Define adolescent
12-18 years
113
How much does height increase in the first year?
25cm
114
When should a child be breast/bottle fed
Birth - 6 months
115
When should a child be eating weaning food
6-12 months
116
When can a child eat family dinners
1 year
117
When should a child be fully weaned
18 months
118
5 year survival of preformed metal crowns in primary teeth
68%
119
5 year survival of amalgam restorations in primary teeth
60%
120
4 year survival of composite restorations in primary teeth
40%
121
4 year survival of GIC restorations in primary teeth
5%
122
Describe preformed metal crowns
Extra-coronal restoration
Made from nickel-chromium
Specific shapes for specific teeth and sizes range from 2-7
123
Local anaesthetic that facilitates better infiltrations in the mandible
Articaine 4% with 1:100000 or 1:200000 adrenaline
124
4 systemic therapies to manage bleeding disorders
Desmopressin/DDAVP
Tranexamic acid
Recombinant factor VIII
Human plasma factor VIII
125
4 side effects of radiotherapy/chemotherapy
Mucositis
Xerostomia
Trismus
Oral infections
126
3 symptomatic relievers of mucositis
Difflam
2% Lignocaine solution
Oral cooling
127
Eruption sequence of primary teeth
A B D C E
128
Define a natal tooth
Tooth present a birth
129
Define a neonatal tooth
Tooth present within 30 days after birth
130
How long should silver diamine fluoride be applied for
3 minutes
131
3 risks of silver diamine fluoride
Temporary staining of skin, lips, cheeks
Discolouration of white fillings
Temporary metallic taste
132
How often should silver diamine fluoride be reapplied
Every 6 months
133
Importance of restoring primary teeth
Maintain space
134
What is the difference between maxillary and mandibular E’s
Maxillary E’s are smaller than mandibular E’s
135
When does spacing between primary teeth disappear
4-5 years
136
How much anaesthetic is required for infiltation pulpal anaesthesia
0.5-1 ml
137
Where should the needle be inserted for a mental block in children
Between mandibular D and E
138
3 dental implications for muscular dystrophy
GA risk
Progressive facial weakness
Physical disability
139
How much of the surface does topical local anaesthetic anaesthetise
2-3mm
140
At what age can a child babble
6 months
141
At what age can a child respond to their name and say mama or dada
1 year
142
At what age can a child say single words, make sounds of familiar animals and follow simple instructions
18 months
143
Ingredient is fluoride varnish likely to cause allergy
Colophony
144
Difference between maxillary 5 and E
Mesial distal width of maxillary 5 is larger than E
145
Deference between mandibular D and 4
Mesial distal width of mandibular D is larger than 4
146
Difference between mandibular E and 5
Mesial distal width of mandibular E is larger than 5
