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Sam's Neuro > 4/14 stuff > Flashcards

4/14 stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main functions of the hypothalamus?

hint HEAL

A

Homeostatic control of hunger, thirst, sex, & sleep
Endocrine control
Autonomic control
Limbic mechanism(s)

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2
Q

What organ is an extension of the hypothalamus?

A

the pituitary gland

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3
Q

What 2 structures are very closely associated with the hypothalmus [besides the pit gland]?

A

-optic chiasm sits above hypothalamus
-mammillary bodies nearby`

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4
Q

What are the 4 regions of the hypothalamus?

The hypothalamus likes PAMPering itself

A

Preoptic
Anterior
Middle
Posterior

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5
Q

What is the role of the anterior hypothal?

A

modulates the parasympathetic system’s brainstem nuclei

Deals with a lot of sleep factors

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6
Q

What happens if you damage magnocellular regions of the ant hypothal?

A

DIabetes insipidus

(magnocellular regions = supraoptic nd PVN that make oxytocin and ADH)

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7
Q

What structure (not in the hypothalamus) detects osmotic changes in the blood and causes ADH release to retain h2o?

A

carotid bodies

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8
Q

What are the 3 ways the ant hypothalamus regulates/aids in sleep processi?

A
  1. when stimulated –>decreased body temp –>encourages nonREM sleep
  2. Suprachiasmatic nuc modulates circadian rhythm with the pineal gland
  3. modulates sleep cycle by taking direct input from the retinohypothalamic tract (from retinal ganglion cells) and paraventricular nuc. **i.e. light input
    -so when no input = pineal gland to release malatonin?
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9
Q

what nucleus regulates circadian rhythm by working with the pineal gland?

A

suprachiasmatic nuc

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10
Q

what inhibits the pineal gland? what “hormone” does it release when not inhibited?

A

light inhibits pineal!!

so night time = melatonin release

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11
Q

what is the 4th process of the ant hypothalamus that is not really related to the sleep functions?

A

magnocellular regions in supraoptic & PVN produce oxytocin & ADH

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12
Q

What is the main/overall function of the middle hypothalamus?

A

integrates signals for hunger and satiety based off of nutrient availability

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13
Q

how does the middle hypothal perform its major function?
(there are 4 nuclei involved here.. blech)
hint: Andy Devours A Veggie Pizza

A
  1. Arcuate nucleus releases GNRH & PIH into adenophysis
  2. Dorsomedial nuc = emotional response/aggression
  3. Ventromedial & Arcuate nuc’s together = satiety
  4. Paraventricular nuc takes in signals & causes CRH to make cortisol [adrenals]
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14
Q

What 2 signaling “hormones” are involved in hunger & satiety

A

grhelin - causes hunger (hunger goblin)
leptin - indicates fullness? note: decreases during weight loss

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15
Q

Are there any pre-ganglionic sympathetic CN [in autonomics]?

A

nope

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16
Q

What is special about CN V’s parasympathetics?

A

It doesn’t have any!

It allows other CN to ride w/ it

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17
Q

What are the 4 ganglion involved in head autonomics?

hint: you have mnemonic for this!

A

COPS 3977 - parasympathetic ganglia

Ciliary (CN III)
Otic (CN IX)
Pterygopalatine (CN VII)
Submandibular (CN VII)

18
Q

Where are all sympathetic fibers in the head? (pre- or post ganglion?)

A

post ganglion!

19
Q

Can you draw the innervation for the eye/blink pathways?

A
20
Q

What ganglion INs dilator pupillae m?

A

sup sympathetic ganglion

21
Q

What is horners syndrome

A

miosis (constriction), ptosis, anhidrosis

can have partial symptoms as well

22
Q

What infection is really common to cause horner’s?

A

I think syphilis? if not delete this card

23
Q

What CN INs nasal mucous glands?

A

CN VII

24
Q

What CN and it’s branches IN mucous/mucosa of upper teeth?

A

CN V2 –> greater & lesser palantine N

25
Q

what is a coloboma?

A

failure of choroid fissure to close
=tear drop pupil

26
Q

When does the otic placode form in development? What does it arise from?

A

at day 22!

forms from surface ectoderm

27
Q

What supplies the parasymp to the parotid gland?

A

lesser petrosal N

28
Q

What provides sympathetic IN to parotid gland?

A

branches of external carotid N

29
Q

What innervates submandibular and sublingual glands?

what about the sympathetics?

A

chorda tympani who hop on lingual N of CN V3

symp come from T1-T3 area and synapse in cerv ganglion

30
Q

Draw/go over the parasympathetic innervation and ganglion of the head?

A
31
Q

Tell me the parasympathetic IN to parotid gland

A

lesser petrosal N –> otic ganglion –> auriculotemporal N –>parotid

32
Q

Tell me the parasympathetic IN to submandibular and ligual glands?

A

chorda tympani –>lingual N (V3) –>submandibular ganglion –> branch to submandibular and lingual glands

33
Q

Tell me the parasympathetic IN to ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae m?

A

CN III–> ciliary ganglion –> short ciliary N (riding V1) –> branch to sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle

34
Q

Tell me the parasympathetic IN to lacrimal and mucous glands in nasal, oral, palate & pharynx?

A

CN VIII –> greater petrosal N –> pterygopalatine ganglion –> (hitches ride on V1 & V2) –> nasal & lacrimal glands

35
Q

What is viscerocranium?

what arches does this arise from?

A

basically skull bones that make up facial structures

arches 1 & 2

36
Q

What embruyologic tissue does cornea arise from?

A

surface ectoderm

37
Q

How does a cleft lip happen? what happens during development to cause it

A

failure of maxillary prominence to fuse

38
Q

Are there any preganglionic sympathetic fibers in the head

A

NO

39
Q

Where do all post ganglionic sympathetic fibers in the head synpase?

A

superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

40
Q

What is hypermetamorphosis?

A

over-reaction/attention to visual stimuli

41
Q

If there is injury/pathology with cingulate gyrus, what symptoms would likely be seen?

A

depression & psychiatric changes

42
Q

Go over the papez circuit

A

Sam's Neuro (4 decks)

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