4. Anatomy of Phonation

Question 1

Voiceless

Answer 1

Phonemes or speech sounds that are produced without the use of the vocal folds

Question 2

Voiced

Answer 2

Phonemes or speech sounds that are produced by the action of the vocal folds

Question 3

/s/ or /f/

Answer 3

voiceless sounds

Question 4

/z/ or /v/

Answer 4

voiced sounds

Question 5

Phonation

Answer 5

aka voicing

product of vibrating vocal folds within the larynx

Question 6

Respiration is the source of ____ for speech

Answer 6

energy

Question 7

Phonation is the source of ____ for speech

Answer 7

voice

Question 8

Vocal folds are ___ layers of tissue

Answer 8

five

Question 9

glottis

Answer 9

aka rima glottidis

area below the vocal folds

Question 10

subglottal

Answer 10

area below the vocal folds

Question 11

Vocal folds are located within course of the airstream at the ____ end of the trachea

Answer 11

superior

Question 12

/a/

Answer 12

voiced

Question 13

/h/

Answer 13

voiceless

Question 14

Clamping vocal folds aids in important actions such as

Answer 14

Lifting weights
Preventing food from entering respiratory system
Childbirth
Defecation

Question 15

The vocal folds are bands of tissue that can be set into ___-

Answer 15

vibration

Question 16

Trachea is composed of

Answer 16

cartilage rings connected and separated by fibroelastic membrane

Question 17

Larynx position

Answer 17

musculocartilaginous structure (oddly shaped box) atop last ring of trachea
adjacent to CV (cervical vertebrae) 4-6
higher in infant

Question 18

Larynx length

Answer 18

(average)

male: 44 mm
female: 36 mm

Question 19

cricoid cartilage

Answer 19

(like a signet ring)
complete ring resting atop trachea
most inferior of laryngeal cartilages

Question 20

cricoid and thyroid cartilages articulate at

Answer 20

cricothyroid joint

Question 21

thyroid cartilage

Answer 21

aka Adam’s apple
largest laryngeal cartilage
articulates with cricoid cartilage below by paired processes
rocks forward and back

Question 22

arytenoid cartilages

Answer 22

ride on high-backed upper surface of cricoid cartilage
posterior point of attachment for vocal folds
arytania (Gr.) ladle; “ladle-form”

Question 23

corniculate cartilage

Answer 23

ride on superior surface of each arytenoid
landmarks in aryepiglottic folds
cornu (L.) horn; “little horn”

Question 24

cuneiform cartilage

Answer 24

rests within aryepiglottic folds

degree of rigidity

Question 25

laryngectomy

Answer 25

surgical removal of the larynx

Question 26

tracheostoma

Answer 26

tracheostomy that places opening in trachea

Question 27

expectoration

Answer 27

elimination of phlegm from the respiratory passageway

Question 28

xerostomia

Answer 28

extreme dryness of oral tissues

Question 29

dysphagia

Answer 29

swallowing dysfunction

Question 30

hyoid bone

Answer 30

not connected to any other bone | articulated with thyroid cartilageby pair of superior processes

Question 31

epiglottis

Answer 31

leaflike cartilage medial to hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage protective structure; drops to cover orifice of larynx during swallowing epi (Gr.) over; "over glottis"

Question 32

For quadrupeds, epiglottis protects

Answer 32

airway | debated for bipeds

Question 33

The vocal folds are bands of mucous membrane, connective tissue, and _______ _____ that are slung between the _____ cartilages and the ______ cartilage

Answer 33

thyrovocalis muscle arytenoid thyroid

Question 34

Laryngeal construction is

Answer 34

adjustable

Question 35

Thyrohyoid membrane

Answer 35

stretched between greater cornu of hyoid and lateral thyroid

Question 36

Extrinsic ligaments provide attachment between the ____ or ____ and the _____ of the larynx

Answer 36

hyoid trachea cartilage

Question 37

Lateral thyrohyoid ligament

Answer 37

posterior to thyrohyoid membrane | running between superior cornu of thyroid to posterior tip of greater cornu hyoid

Question 38

triticeal cartilage

Answer 38

may be found within space of lateral thyrohyoid ligament

Question 39

Which parts connect the larynx to the hyoid bone?

Answer 39

median thyrohyoid ligament thyrohyoid membrane lateral thyrohyoid ligament

Question 40

median thyrohyoid ligament

Answer 40

anterior | from corpus hyoid to upper border of anterior thyroid

Question 41

These ligaments attach the epiglottis to the corpus hyoid and inner thyroid cartilage below the notch

Answer 41

hyoepiglottic ligament and thyroepiglottic ligament

Question 42

How is is the epiglottis attached to the tongue?

Answer 42

Lateral and median glossoepiglottic ligaments

Question 43

valleculae

Answer 43

"little valleys" located between the tongue and epiglottis produced by the overlay of the mucous membrane from the lateral and median glossoepiglottic ligaments

Question 44

cricotracheal ligament

Answer 44

attaches trachea to larynx

Question 45

intrinsic ligaments

Answer 45

connects cartilages of larynx support structure for larynx cavity support structure for vocal folds

Question 46

fibroelastic membrane is made up of

Answer 46

quadrangular membranes aryepiglottic folds conus elasticus vocal ligament (upward free extension of the conus elasticus)

Question 47

quadrangular membranes

Answer 47

form false vocal folds originate at inner thyroid angle and sides of epiglottis and form upper cone that narrows as it ends in the free margin of arytenoid and corniculate cartilages

Question 48

aryepiglottic muscles

Answer 48

located from side of epiglottis to arytenoid apex upper margin of quadrangular membranes aryepiglottic folds laterally

Question 49

aryepiglottic folds

Answer 49

ridges marking highest elevation of membranes and muscles slung from epiglottis to arytenoids

Question 50

pyriform sinus

Answer 50

space between aryepiglottic fold and throid cartilage | important point of transit for food and liquid during a swallow

Question 51

Five Tissue Layers of the Vocal Folds

Answer 51

``` Squamous epithelium Superficial lamina propria Intermediate lamina propria Deep lamina propria Thyroarytenoid muscle ```

Question 52

mucosal lining of vocal folds

Answer 52

Squamous epithelium | Superficial lamina propria (SLP)

Question 53

vocal ligament of vocal lining

Answer 53

Superficial lamina propria (SLP) and Intermediate lamina propria (ILP)

Question 54

cover of vocal folds

Answer 54

squamous epithelium superficial lamina propria (SLP) intermediate lamina propria (ILP)

Question 55

body of vocal folds

Answer 55

Deep lamina propria | Thyroarytenoid muscle