Exam 1 Study Questions

Question 1

Force distributed over area

Answer 1

Pressure

Question 2

___ pressure causes air to enter a chamber that has expanded until the pressure is equalized

Answer 2

Negative

Question 3

How many vertebrae are in cervical vertebrae?

Answer 3

7

Question 4

How many vertebrae are in thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 4

12

Question 5

How many vertebrae are in lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 5

5

Question 6

How many vertebrae are in sacral vertebrae (fused)?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

Contraction of the diaphragm increases the ___ dimension of the thorax.

Answer 7

vertical

Question 8

Contraction of the accessory muscles of inspiration increases the ____ dimension of the thorax.

Answer 8

horizontal

Question 9

Contraction of the muscles of expiration ____ the volume of the thorax

Answer 9

decrease

Question 10

Emphysema results in a breakdown of the alveolar wall, resulting in enlargement of alveolar clusters and consequent enlargement of the thorax known as “barrel chest.” The result of this is that the diaphragm is pulled down at rest. Discuss the implications of the muscular action of inspiration and expiration in this altered system.

Answer 10

In an altered system, the diaphragm is pulled down at rest and thus expiration would be much more difficult for the person to release air from the lungs.

Question 11

The study of the structure of an organism

Answer 11

anatomy

Question 12

The study of the function of a living organism and its parts

Answer 12

physiology

Question 13

Anatomical study for diagnosis and treatment of disease

Answer 13

applied anatomy aka clinical anatomy

Question 14

Anatomical study involved in the description of individual parts of the body without reference to disease conditions, viewing the body as a composite of systems that function together

Answer 14

descriptive anatomy aka systematic anatomy

Question 15

The study of the structure and function of cells

Answer 15

cytology

Question 16

The study of structure and function of bones

Answer 16

osteology

Question 17

The study of form and function of muscle

Answer 17

myology

Question 18

The study of the nervous system

Answer 18

neurology

Question 19

Skin and mucous membrane are made up of ___ tissue

Answer 19

epithelial

Question 20

A particularly important connective tissue because it is both strong and elastic

Answer 20

areolar

Question 21

Contractile tissue

Answer 21

muscle tissue

Question 22

Bind organs together or hold bones to bone or cartilage

Answer 22

ligaments

Question 23

A sheetlike membrane surrounding organs

Answer 23

fascia

Question 24

Attach muscle to bone or cartilage

Answer 24

tendon

Question 25

Relatively immobile point of attachment of a muscle

Answer 25

cartilage

Question 26

Relatively mobile point of attachment of a muscle

Answer 26

joint

Question 27

This system includes smooth, striated, and cardiac muscle of the body

Answer 27

muscular system

Question 28

This system includes the bones and cartilages that form the structure of the body

Answer 28

skeletal system

Question 29

This system includes the passageways and tissues involved in gas exchange with the environment, including the oral, nasal, and pharyngeal cavities, the trachea and bronchial passageway, and lungs

Answer 29

respiratory system

Question 30

This system includes the esophagus, liver, intestines, and associated glands

Answer 30

digestive system

Question 31

This system includes the nerve tissue and structures of the central and peripheral nervous system

Answer 31

nervous system

Question 32

This speech system includes the passageways and tissues involved in gas exchange with the environment, including the oral, nasal, and pharyngeal cavities, the trachea and bronchial passageway, and lungs

Answer 32

respiratory system

Question 33

This speech system is involved in production of voiced sound and utilizes components of the respiratory system (the laryngeal structures)

Answer 33

phonatory system

Question 34

This speech system is the combination of structures used to alter the characteristics of the sounds of speech, including parts of the anatomically defined digestive and respiratory systems (the tongue, lips, teeth, soft palate, etc)

Answer 34

articulatory system

Question 35

This speech system includes the nasal cavity and soft palate and portions of the anatomically defined respiratory and digestive systems

Answer 35

resonatory system

Question 36

As our field has developed, the professionals working with speech and language became known as "speech-language pathologists." Reflecting on the terminology you have just reviewed, to what does the term "pathologist" refer?

Answer 36

Pathology is the study of different diseases. Thus, SLPs are experts in the nontypical speech and language behaviors and work to enhance the individual's effective communication.

Question 37

Passive expiration involves the forces of ______ and _______

Answer 37

gravity and elasticity

Question 38

Volume of air that we breathe in during a respiratory cycle

Answer 38

Tidal Volume (TV)

Question 39

Volume that can be inhaled after a tidal inspiration

Answer 39

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Question 40

Volume that can be exhaled after a tidal expiration

Answer 40

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) aka resting lung volume

Question 41

Volume remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation

Answer 41

``` Vital Capacity (VC) VC = TV + IRV + ERV ```

Question 42

The combination of inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and tidal volume

Answer 42

Vital Capacity

Question 43

Volume of air remaining in the body after a passive exhalation

Answer 43

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) | FRC = ERV (expiratory reserve) + RV (residual)

Question 44

Sum of all the volumes

Answer 44

Total Lung Capacity | TLC = IC + FRC

Question 45

Volume of air that cannot undergo gas exchange

Answer 45

Dead Space Air

Question 46

Air pressure measured within the oral cavity

Answer 46

Intraoral Mouth Pressure

Question 47

Air pressure measured below the vocal folds

Answer 47

subglottal pressure

Question 48

pressure within the alveolus

Answer 48

Alveolar or Pulmonic pressure

Question 49

pressure between the visceral and parietal pleural membranes

Answer 49

pleural or intrapleural pressure

Question 50

when the diaphragm contracts, pressure within the alveolus ____

Answer 50

decreases

Question 51

When air pressure within the lungs is lower than that of the atmosphere, air will ____ the lungs

Answer 51

fill (inhalation)

Question 52

When the body is placed in a reclining position, the resting lung volume ____

Answer 52

increases

Question 53

Use of the muscles of inspiration to impede the outward flow of air during speech is termed _____

Answer 53

checking action

Question 54

The maximum inspiratory volume possible after tidal expiration

Answer 54

Inspiratory Capacity | IC = TV + IRV

Question 55

fixators

Answer 55

muscles that stabilize structures through contraction