4. Biomechanical Principles Notes

Question 1

What is motion?

Answer 1

change in position of a body in relation to time

Question 2

What is linear motion?

Answer 2

When a body and its parts move in a line (straight or curved)

Question 3

What paths can linear motion be?

Answer 3

Rectilinear (straight) and curvilinear (curved)

Question 4

What is angular motion?

Answer 4

When a body and its parts move in a full or partial circle about an axis of rotation

Question 5

What are the two types of axis in angular motion?

Answer 5

Internal and external axis

Question 6

What is general motion?

Answer 6

When linear and angular motion are occurring at the same time

Question 7

What is mass?

Answer 7

Describes the quantity of matter find within a particular body

Question 8

What is inertia?

Answer 8

The reluctance of the body to change its state of motion; closely linked to an objects mass

Question 9

What is force?

Answer 9

Created by a push or pull a cause an object to change in motion

Question 10

What is the unit of force?

Answer 10

Newtons

Question 11

What is eccentric force?

Answer 11

A force that is applied away from an objects centre of gravity

Question 12

What is distance?

Answer 12

Path travelled from start to finish

Question 13

What is displacement?

Answer 13

The change in position

Question 14

What is angular distance?

Answer 14

Angle between initial and final position

Question 15

What is angular displacement?

Answer 15

Change of angle between initial and final position

Question 16

What is speed?

Answer 16

time taken to cover a certain distance

Question 17

What is velocity?

Answer 17

Time taken to change position

Question 18

What is angular speed?

Answer 18

Angular distance covered divided by the time taken

Question 19

What is angular velocity?

Answer 19

Change in angular displacement over time

Question 20

What is acceleration?

Answer 20

A change in velocity in a given period of time

Question 21

What is angular acceleration?

Answer 21

The rate of change of angular velocity over time

Question 22

What is momentum?

Answer 22

The quantity of motion a particular body of mass has

Question 23

What is conservation of momentum?

Answer 23

Whenever two bodies collide, their combined momentum is conserved

Question 24

What is summation of momentum?

Answer 24

Refers to the correct timing and sequencing of body parts to produce maximal force

Question 25

What is moment of inertia?

Answer 25

A body’s resistance to change in rotation

Question 26

What is angular momentum?

Answer 26

Measure of how much rotation a body has around an axis

Question 27

What is conservation of angular momentum?

Answer 27

The alterations of the moment of inertia or angular velocity, but the angular momentum staying the same

Question 28

What is impulse?

Answer 28

A change in force over time

Question 29

What is a momentum breaker?

Answer 29

Increasing time to reduce the force - follow through

Question 30

What is a momentum maker?

Answer 30

Increasing the change in momentum of an object to its maximum

Question 31

What is Newton’s first law

Answer 31

The law of inertia A body will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force

Question 32

What is Newton’s second law?

Answer 32

The law of acceleration A force applied to an object will produce a change in motion (acceleration) in the direction of the applied force that is directly proportional to the size of the force

Question 33

What is Newton’s third law?

Answer 33

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 34

What is projectile motion?

Answer 34

Any movement of an airborne body that is only affected by the forces of gravity and air resistance

Question 35

What factor of projectile motion does gravity affect?

Answer 35

Vertical distance

Question 36

What factor of projectile motion does air resistance affect?

Answer 36

Horizontal

Question 37

What is height of release?

Answer 37

The height from which a projectile is released

Question 38

What is speed of release?

Answer 38

The release speed of a projectile which has a vertical and horizontal component

Question 39

What is angle of release?

Answer 39

angle at which an object is hit, kicked, thrown or launched into the air

Question 40

When is an angle of less than 45 optimal?

Answer 40

When the target is lower than take off

Question 41

When is an angle of 45 degrees optimal?

Answer 41

When target and takeoff are on the same level

Question 42

When is an angle of more than 45 degrees optimal?

Answer 42

When target is higher than take off

Question 43

What is a lever?

Answer 43

A system or machine consisting of a rigid bar that can be made to rotate around an axis

Question 44

What are the three parts of a lever?

Answer 44

Axis, resistance and force

Question 45

What are the main functions of an anatomical lever?

Answer 45

- to generate muscular effort - to increase speed of a given moment

Question 46

What are the parts of a lever in the human body?

Answer 46

Joint = axis Weight of a body part or sporting equipment = resistance Muscles = force

Question 47

Where is the force in a third class lever?

Answer 47

In the middle of the lever

Question 48

What is the purpose of a third class lever?

Answer 48

To amplify speed

Question 49

What is mechanical advantage?

Answer 49

The ratio of the force arm to the resistance arm

Question 50

what is the mechanical advantage of a third class lever?

Answer 50

Less than one