4. Inclusion and Exclusion Flashcards
what do Prejudice, Discrimintation & Stereotypes each mean?
- Prejudice: attitude based on stereotypes → generalisation about a group of people,
- Stereotypes: widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of person
- Discrimination: direct action taken against a group
What are the 5 exclusion theories?
-Scapegoat theory: that anger and frustration in the majoritarian group causes those to blame their troubles on other minority groups
-Authoritarian personality theory: people with lower education and a prejudiced personality trait find it easier to see society in a hierarchical form.
-Cultural theory: some prejudices are culturally bound
-Oppression of minorities theory: people in leading positions use power to oppress others for personal gain.
-The postcolonial plights and the new cultural racism theory: prejudices are based on biological differences (skin colour and other traits)
what is the intergroup threat theory?
When our group is (or feels) threatened, we want to defend it.
-> better to perceive a threat falsely, than to miss one
Threat arises when members of one group perceive that another group is in a position to cause them harm
realistic threat: concern about physical harm or a loss of resources.
symbolic threat: concern about the integrity or validity of one’s meaning system
intergroup contact theory?
solution for the Intergroup Threat Theory:
- Equal status
*common goals
*less competition and more cooperation
*institutionalised anti-predujice
what is managerism?
Managerialism
* Conflicts are necessary, in the form of competition, though they should be contained at a peaceful level
* conflict is manageable, as long as emotions are not involved
What are multidivisional structures?
-multidivisional structures: company is divided over the products manufactured, thus allowing some autonomy to each division → work together because of the web of interdependent relationships
→ high grade of interdependence
Process of strategizing
1: Formulate goals
2: Analyze the environment
3: Assess company strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats
4: Formulate competitive strategy
5: Formulate corporate strategy
6: Implement strategy
7: Evaluate strategy
The established and the outsider theory
presents a town that has expanded because of its industry, influencing new people to move in
-> conflict arose between the new and the older residents,given the nature of competition between these two groups
consequences: Competition, gossip and prejudice
-> ‘Us’ vs. ‘Them’
Differences lead to anxiety, though they can be remediated with communication and learning about the other side