Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSYCH 105 > 4. INFANT DEVELOPMENT > Flashcards

4. INFANT DEVELOPMENT Flashcards

(75 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

A

NATURE VS NURTURE
-CHANGES IN BIO, PHYSICAL, BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES WITH AGE
-CRITICAL/ SENSITIVE PERIODS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CRITICAL PERIOD

A

AGE WHERE EXPERIENCES MUST OCCUR
-EX) LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

**SENSITIVE PERIOD

A

OPTIMAL AGE RANGE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

RESEARCH DESIGN; CROSS SECTIONAL DESIGN

A

PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT AGES ARE STUDIED AT A GIVEN TIME
-OBTAIN DATA QUICK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

RESEARCH DESIGN; LONGITUDINAL DESIGN

A

SAME SET OF PEOPLE STUDIED AS THEY AGE
–COHORT
-THIS IS LONG TERM, PEOPLE MAY DROP OUT
-ARE THEY ONLY SPECIFIC TO THIS COHORT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

RESEARCH DESIG; SEQUENTIAL DESIGN

A

COMBO OG CROSS SECTIONAL AND LOGITUDINAL
-TEST SEVERAL COHORTS AS THEY AGE
-THIS DESIGN IS MORE COMPREHENSIVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

STAGES OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT

A
  1. GERMINAL STAGE; FIRST 2W OF LIFE, FERTALIZATION, ZYGOTE
  2. EMBRYOTIC STAGE; 2W-8W, EMBRYO, ORGANS START TO DEVELOP
  3. FETAL STAGE - 9W-BIRTH, FETUS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ZYGOTE

A

ONE SPERM FERTILISES AN EGG=ZYGOTE
-UNDERGOES CELL DIVISION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

EMBRYO

A

MASS OF CELLS FORMING LIFE SUPPORT STRUCTURES LIKE PLACENTA AND CORD, AND ORGANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

TDF

A

TESTIS DETERMINING FACTOR; TRIGGERS MALE SEX DEVELOPMENT
-DETERMINES 6-8 WEEKS AFTER CONCEPTION
–CRITICAL PERIOD!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

TERATOGENS

A

EX) MERCURY, LEAD, RADIATION, NICOTINE
-ENVIRONMENTA AGENTS THAT MAY CAUSE ABNORMAL PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

A

COULD PASS FROM MOTHER TO BABY AND CAUSE DAMAGE, BLINDESS OR DEAFNESS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES, THE MOTHER

A

MATERNAL STRESS; PREMATURE BIRTHS, INFANT IRRITABILITY,
MATERNAL MALNUTRITION; MISCARRAIGE STILL BIRTH, IMPAIRED BRAIN DEV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES; FETAL ALC SPECTRUM DISORDER

A

-COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL AND PHYSICAL DEFICITS CAUSED DUE TO PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO ALC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES; FAS- FETAL ALC SYNDROME

A

-DISORDER WITHIN THE SPECTRUM
-CLUSTER OF DEVELOP ABNORMALITIES
EX) FACIAL ABNORM, MALFORMED BRAINS, PSYCH AND SOCIAL IMPAIRMENTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

INFANCY

A

-WHEN CONDUCTING A STUDY, THEY MUST CONSIDER THEIR MOTOR AND ATTN SPAN /SENSORY LIMITATIONS
-MEASURE BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

WILLIAM JAMES THOUGHT OF BABIES

A

NEWBORNS WORLD IS A BLOOMING CONFUSION; AN EMPTY AND DISORGANIZATION OF THE BRAIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

VISION IN BABIES

A

-CAN TRACK OBJECTS, BUT ARE NEAR SIGHTED
-20/800 EYESIGHT, BUT PROGRESSIVELY GETS BETTER IN 6 MONTHS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

COLOUR VISION

A

NEWBORNS CAN SEE FEW COLOURS, BUT BY 3 MONTHS THEY HAVE A FULL RANGE PERCEPTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PREFERENTIAL LOOKING PROCEDURE

A

-USED TO DETERMINE PREFERENCE FOR VISUAL STIMULI.
TIME SPENT LOOKING AT STIMULI IS RECORDED, INFANTS PREFER COMPLEX STIMULI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

SENSES AT BIRTH

A

TACTILE, AUDITORY, CHEMICAL PERCEPTUAL SENSES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

NEWBORN LEARNING; HABITUATION

A

RECOGNIZE FAMILIAR OVER UNFAMILIAR FACES REGARDLESS OF EXPRESSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

NEWBORN LEARNING; CLASSICAL AND OPERANT CONDITIONING

A

ACQUIRE CONDITIONED RESPONSES
-OPERANT- MAKE THINGS HAPPEN
-THEY EXPECT “REWARDS” AFTER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

NEWBORN LEARNING; IMITATION

A

BABIES CAN IMITATE ADULT EXPRESSIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
new born sensory and perception; sound localisation
-ability to localise sounds exists from birth until 3m of age, disappears then reappeares at 4-5m
26
newborn sensory and perception; phoneme discrimination
-ability to detect changes in speech sounds, even better than adults. -disappears at 12m
27
newborn sensory and perception; musisc perception
can process and remember music
28
physical development; stages
1st; brainstem; basic survival factores later; associative cortex ateas, frontal cortex
29
physical development; growth rate
brains of 5 y/o +90% of adult size -new synapses formed, brain becomes more specialized
30
motor development
follows stage-like sequences that age of acquirment does not vary ex)stand to support->pull self to stand
31
new born environmental and cultural influences
-physical; diet, social, toys, physical touch -sensory; visual deprivation can perm damage vision
32
proximodistal princuiple
inner most important part of the body develops first
33
cephalocaudal principle
fetal bodies develop in a head to body fashion
34
cognitive developmentz; piaget's stage model
assimilation., accommodation -brain builds schemas to acheive understanding -children think ab the world differently from adults
35
piaget's model; assimilation
new experiences fit into existing schemas, having confidence to adapt to new things because of schemas schema; organize patterns of thoughts and actions - produces more complex schemas
36
piaget's model; accommodation
new experiences change existing schemas/ create new schemas, learn as you live
37
piagets stage 1; sensorimotor stage
-birth to 2y/o -understand world through sensory experience and physical interactions -begin to acquire language -object permamence
38
object permanence;
understanding that an object still exists even though it can no longer be seen -8 months of age
39
piagets stage 2; preoperational stage
- 2 -7 years -represented symbolically through words or images -doesnt understand convo -their thinking reflects egocentrism; ex) others see the world the same as themselves
40
piagets stage 3; concrete operational stage
-7-12 years -perform basic mental operations; simple problems and situations -difficulty w problems that require hypothetical reasoning -form mental maps; geography
41
piaget stage 4; formal operational stage
-11-12 years... - logically think about concrete and hypothetical problems -form and test hypotheses
42
hibituation studies of children
-object permanence -proved piagets stages wrong
43
vygotsky; social context of cognitive development
-social interaction can influence maturation -zone of proximal development
44
zone of proximal development
-difference between what a child can do independently vs what a child can do with assistance from others -social assistance can push maturation forward in a certain age/zone thats set by biological maturation ex) parents/older siblings help with math homework
45
coginitve development as a gradual process; information search stategies
-spot the difference picture; Vurpilllot assessed eye movements of children while doing this excersise -younger children did not succeed but older did
46
theory of mind
-understanding other people have different mental states -develops at 4 yrs -toys reflects theoty of mind -lying and deception reflects theory of mind
47
false belief tasks
-
48
EARLY EMOTIONS; 18 MONTH
-SENSE OF SELF -DISPLAY BASIC EMOTIONS OVERTLY EX) ENVY, EMBARRASSMENT, EMPATHY
49
EARLY EMOTIONS; 2 YEARS
-LEARN AB STANDARDS AND RULES EXPECTED TO FOLLOW -EMOTIONS LIKE PRODE, SHAME, GUILT
50
EARLY EMOTIONAL REGULATION
- COMES WITH AGE; EVALUATE AND MODIFY EMOTIONAL REGULATIONS EX) SELF SOOTHING, STUFFED ANIMALS, TANTRUMS, LANGUAGE TO COMMUNICATE -EMOTIONAL COMPETENCE; REFLECTS SOCIAL LIFE AND CAN ALSO INFLUENCE IT
51
imprinting
critical period- moments after birth -days after -biologically primed form of attachment w mother
51
ERIKSON'S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY
-8 PYSCHOSOCIAL STAGES, EACH W A CRISIS TO BE RESOLVED; -PERSONALITY IS NOT FIXED IN CHILDHOOD -THEMES AND PATTERNS THAT EMERGE EARLY COULD BE IMPORTANT LATER IN LIFE
52
attachment
-sensitive period; first few years strong emotional bond between human children and primary care givers.
53
HARRY HARLOW; ATTACHMENT
-worked w infant monkeys to determine what kind of mother they prefer -contact-comfort was more important that fulfilling a biological need like attachment or food
54
john balby's child's attachment 3 phase theory
1. indiscriminate attachment; newborns behave the same to everyone 2. discriminate attachment; direct attamchment behaviour towards familiar adults- 3 months 3. specific attachment behaviour; infants form meaningful attachemnts with specific caregiver, becomes a secure base to explore their environment. 7-8months
55
child attachment; stranger anxiety
-distress towards unfamiliar individuials -6-18months
56
child attachment; seperation anxiety
-distress being separated from primary caregiver -12-16 months until 2-3yrs
57
child attachment; goal directed behaviiour
-share feelings wiht caregivers and maintain relationships -3-4yrs
58
attachment type; strange situation test SST
-how an infant reacts when their mother returns after infant is in a room with a stranger
59
infant secure attachment display
-explore and react positively to strangers -distressed when mother leaves - happy when returns
60
infant insecure attachment; anxious resistant
- fearful when mother present -demand attn not soothed when mom returns
61
infant insecure attachment; avoidant
-few signs of attachment -seldom cry when mother leaves -doesnt seek contact when mother returns
62
infant insecure attachment; disorganized
confused; contradictory behaviour
63
styles of parenting; AUTHORITATIVE
set clear expectations and are warm outcomes -less behavioural problems -most positive childhood outcome -good grades and IQ
64
styles of parenting; authoritarian parents
-exert control, but are cold and rejecting outcomes -poor self esteem, popularity, and school performance
65
styles of parenting; indulgent
-warm and caring -no rules or guidance outcome -self centered -immature
66
styles of ofparenting; neglectful
-not warm, no rules or guidance outcome -insecure attachment -trouble socializing
67
gender identity
-develops 2-3 years -some sense of it becomes their identity
68
gender constancy
-6-7 years, understand gender as permanancy
69
sex typing; steryotypes
-bias actions towards specific genders; -from infancy onwards, girls and boys are treated differently -internalize social expectations through socializing; passive; EX) observe others to emulate
70
kohlbergs stage theory of moral reasoning/dev
-analyzed responses to moral dilemmas 3 main levels with substages
71
kohlbergs moral stage theory lvl1; preconventional reasoning
-understanding right vs wrong by punishment + reward stage one; "but, the punishment " stage two; "but, anticipate reward it will benefit someone else"
72
kohlbergs moral stage theory #2; conventional reasoning
stage 3; conformity to social expextations, approval of others stage 4; this must be simply followed
73
kohlbergs moral stage theory #3; postconventional reasoning
stage 5; judgements based on general principles individual rights are aligned with societal law stage 6; morality is based ethically of universal principles of justice
74
moral behaviour and conscience development influences
- internalising societal values -emotional regulation -temperment -attachemnt style/social bonds -learning

PSYCH 105 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions